微纳电子学新进展2007微电子所.pptVIP

* 除了上面所说的几种方法,还可以利用下面的这种方法.这种利用 * 下面这个分子,就具有上面所说的双稳态.可以用化学合成的方法.就是说我们可以用单个分子来形成电子器件. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Flux or Phase Basis Flux Basis Phase Basis Use coupled levels with different flux states Barrier must be low enough that coupling between levels is strong Use levels in the same flux state coupled by microwaves Barrier must be high enough that tunneling to other flux state is small 100 times less sensitive to flux noise * Measuring Escape Rates * Resonant Tunneling Peaks correspond to the ground state in the left well aligning with excited states in the right well The tunneling peaks are 1000 times wider then expected from calculations of known sources of decoherence This width implies either a short T1 time (2ns for the lowest states) or large flux noise Ruled out external noise sources Current bias of magnetometer Flux biases T=10mK ?L=1.4 * Measuring Excited State Occupation Escape rate is 100 times larger for excited state 17.9 GHz * 目前国际国内的研究现状 国际 具有完备的制作超导量子比特的工艺线 已经演示了几个耦合的超导量子比特 包括相位，磁通，及电荷量子比特 量子比特退相干时间还非常短，微秒量级 16位量子计算 (D-wave) 国内 研究刚刚开始 * Quantum two level system Charge, phase or flux in SQUIDs Prepare/manipulate coherent states Coherent control of quantum states Measurement of states Read out of final state Long coherence time achieve useful number of operations Controllable entanglement of many bits scale up 实现量子计算的条件 * 量子计算机面临的问题 退相干时间短 退相干时间必须大大于门操作时间（〉104） 量子算法很少 Shor大数分解 Grover数据库搜索 * ms? Exponential Progress Progress in Decoherence time for Josephson Qubits 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 10-9 10-8 10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 Year Decoherence time (s) NEC Off-optimal bias + Echo Charge Saclay 　　Optimal bias Charge Delft Optimal bias + Echo Flux Optimal bias + Echo NEC/Riken Flux most recently: T1 (6ms) T2Ramsey (3ms) T2Echo (4ms) NEC Off-optimal bias Charge Ramsey Echo Energy B