英语各种从句和高考考点.pptVIP

Ⅰ从句的基本概念及种类： 从句相对主句，过去称为子句和母句：即从句是为主句，也即母句服务的，也是主句中的一部分。那么，究竟有多少种类型呢？先从句子的成分来看。 一个成分齐全的复杂句子包含：主、谓、宾、定、状、补、表（同位语从句包含在定语从句中）共七个成分：用一个从句来担当某一个成分的有： 主语： e.g.: That the earth is bigger than the moon is well known to us all. What we can’t get seems better than what we have. Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. Whether you succeed or not doesn’t interest me. 2) 宾语： e.g.: He asked how much I paid for a violin. Do you know what was the cause of the big fire? I hope to become a friend of whoever shares her interests. He wonders why he is often hidden in the cave. 3) 定语：用一个句子来修饰或限定一个名词，其功能相当于一个形容词的作用。 e.g.: The girl who stands under the tree is his physics teacher. I don’t know the tall man who / whom / -- / that you referred to just now. The years that we spent together will be never forgotten. China is no longer the country that it used to be. He asks for a book (that) there is on the subject. We must make full use of the time (that) there is left to use. 4) 状语： e.g.: Hardly had I entered the room when I heard a loud and sad cry. I haven’t heard from him since I lived in Nanjing. You must write it down before you forget it. Think before you leap. He felt no fear, for he is brave. When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 5) 表语： e.g.: This is not what we want. The problem is how we can learn English well. 6) 同位语：在有些语法书中该从句属于定语从句中。它与定语从句的区别在于：引导定语从句的关系词 that 在句中做主或宾，而同位语从句的that 不做成分： The news that he told me made me surprised greatly. The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. Ⅱ从句的识别： 1. 以全句中心谓语动词为中心：谓语动词前的从句为主语从句。 2. 及物动词、动词短语和少数介词后的从句称宾语从句。 3. 系动词后的从句为表语从句。 4. 名词后的从句分两种：引导从句的关系词在从句种作成分称定语从句；若 that 不作成分的称同位语从句。 5. 主句前或后由不同类型的连词引导的从句表时间、地点、条件、让步、原因