欧洲文化入门TheMiddleAges).ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * B. The Divine Comedy（《神曲》） Landmark of world literature The greatest Christian poem Expresses humanistic ideas which foreshadowed the spirit of Renaissance 神曲(Commedia, Divine Comedy)，意大利诗人阿利盖利·但丁(Dante Alighieri, 公元1265-公元1321)的长诗。写于1307年至1321年，这部作品通过作者与地狱、炼狱及天国中各种著名人物的对话，反映出中古文化领域的成就和一些重大的问题，带有“百科全书”性质，从中也可隐约窥见文艺复兴时期人文主义思想的曙光。在这部长达一万四千余行的史诗中，但丁坚决反对中世纪的蒙昧主义，表达了执着地追求真理的思想，对欧洲后世的诗歌创作有极其深远的影响。 全诗为三部分：《地狱》(Inferno, Hell)、《炼狱》(Purgatorio, Purgatory)和《天堂》(Paradiso, Paradise)，谴责教会的统治，但仍然未摆脱基督教神学的观点。 3. Geoffrey Chaucer （乔叟）Father of English Poetry The first English short story teller The first modern poet Introducer of Alliterative (头韵)Verse The Canterbury Tales 《坎特伯雷故事集》 What is a Heroic Couplet? Heroic couplet is a rhyming couplet of iambic pentameter, often containing a complete thought. There is a fairly heavy pause at the end of the first line and a still heavier one at the end of the second. Commonly there is a parallel or an antithesis within a line, or between the two lines. It is called heroic because in England, especially in the eighteenth century, it was much used for heroic (epic) poems. 什么是“英雄双行体”？ 英雄双行体属于双行诗，由两个押韵的抑扬格五音步诗行构成，常包含一个完整的意思。第二句结尾力度加强，每句中或一、二句之间常用平行对偶结构。在英国，特别是在十八世纪，这种诗体常被用来写作史诗，因而得名。 The Canterbury Tales V. Art and Architecture Romanesque :（罗马式）means in the Roman manner Gothic (哥特式） Gothic (哥特式） A style of architecture originated in N. France in 11th century, characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaulting, steep, high roofs, etc. Summing-up American gothic Clinton American Gothic Bush’s American Gothic Obamas’ American Gothic Urban American Gothic Thank You! * * * * * * * * * C.The Power and influence of the Catholic Church Three classes of people at the time 12. The ruling classes 3. Peasants Clergy Lords 宗 教 The Inquisition:宗教裁判所 Holy communion:圣餐 Sacraments:圣礼 Convocation:圣会 Canon: 教规 Rabbi: 拉比 Lo