浮石银催化甲醇氧化生产甲醛工艺本科毕业设计论文.docx

摘要本设计以96.5%甲醇为原料年产2.5万吨37%甲醛水溶液的生产工艺初步设计。对甲醛的性质和发展阶段等相关信息做了简要的阐述。根据设计要求对甲醛生产工艺流程进行了选择与论证，对整个甲醛生产过程进行了物料与能量的衡算，对主要设备和管道进行了设计及选型，同时对以浮石银催化剂甲醛生产工艺的流程、安全生产与“三废”治理作了相关讨论和介绍。同时也在甲醛生产工艺方面做出了改进，在第一吸收塔后设立两个冷凝器，用以能量回收循环利用。本次设计根据我国甲醛工业的发展现状和甲醛生产的成熟工艺选择了以呼和浩特市地理、气候等条件建厂，采取浮石银催化剂甲醇氧化生产甲醛工艺。采用高浓度的甲醇作为原料以提高甲醇的转化率和甲醛的选择性、收率等。本次设计为初步设计。关键词：甲醛；甲醇；氧化；浮石银AbstractThe design of the 96.5% annual output 25,000 tons of methanol as a raw material aqueous solution of formaldehyde 37% preliminary design of the production process. On the nature and stage of development of formaldehyde and other related information gives a brief exposition. According to the design requirements of the formaldehyde production process for the selection and demonstration of the formaldehyde production process the material and energy balance, the main equipment and pipelines in the design and selection, while silver catalyst for formaldehyde in pumice production process process, safety and thethree wastes treatment were related to discussions and presentations. Also in formaldehyde production process has made improvements in the first two established after the cold absorber,recycling for energy recovery. The design according to the status quo of China industrial development of formaldehyde and formaldehyde production of mature technology chosen to Hohhot geography, climate and other conditions of factories, pumice silver catalyst to produce methanol, formaldehyde oxidation process. High concentrations of methanol as a raw material in order to enhance methanol conversion and formaldehyde selectivity, yield and so on. The design for the preliminary design. Keywords: formaldehyde; methanol; oxidation; pumice stone silver引言目前世界90%以上的甲醛是从甲醇氧化而得，也有从烃类直接氧化和二甲醚氧化来制取。八十年代日本旭化成开发成功以稀甲醛和醇为原料的甲醛缩二甲醇法，可以生产高浓度无醇甲醛溶液，和自己开发的聚甲醛装置相配套，目前还在不断发展完善之中。目前正在研究开发“甲醇脱氢法”和甲烷直接氧化法新工艺。以甲醇为原料生产甲醛的方法，按其所利用催化剂和生产工艺不同，可分为两种不同的工艺路线。其一是在过量甲醇（甲醇蒸汽浓度控制在爆炸上限，37%以上）条件下，甲醇气、蒸汽和水汽混合物在金属型催化剂上进行脱氢氧化反应，通常采用结晶Ag催化剂，故称为“银法”，也称“甲醇过量法”其二是过量空气（甲醇蒸汽浓度控制在爆炸区下限，7%以下）条