自助游和第三世界的展毕业论文外文文献翻译.docxVIP

BACKPACKER TOURISM ANDTHIRD WORLD DEVELOPMENTRegina ScheyvensMassey University, New ZealandAbstract: Third World governments often scorn international backpackers, professinginstead an enthusiasm for pursuing higher-value, luxury tourism. This article presents analternative perspective, elaborating upon ways that providing goods and services for backpackerscan promote development, especially at the local level. Several challenges will needto be addressed, however, if such communities are to have some control over the backpackersubmarket andmaximize the benefits they gain from it. Such challenges include overcomingthe self-centered attitudes of some backpackers who might behave irresponsibly, and encouragingThird World governments to establish a policy environment and effective infrastructurewhich support community involvement in this form of tourism.Keywords: Backpackers,budget, Third World, development.INTRODUCTIONAlmost wherever it is viable, Third World governments are activelypursuing tourism growth in their countries. They are particularly interestedin international tourism (Harrison 1992), believing it brings theircountries numerous economic benefits including employment opportunities,small business development, and foreign exchange earnings.They tend to assume that more money is earned by attracting touristswho can afford luxury goods and services, despite the fact that thisoften leads to a country’s dependence on imported products, foreigninvestment, and expatriate skills, resulting in repatriation of resultant profits (Baskin 1995).But those financial benefits received from luxurytourism developments in the Third World very rarely “trickle down”to be of any significance to people at grassroots level.While a number of academics have noted this problem, thoroughlycritiquing forms of tourism development dominated by overseas investors(Britton 1982; Brohman 1996), they have rarely proposed supportfor alternative forms of tourism based on the village economy (Br