批判性思维及其能力培养研讨.pdf

内容摘要 20 世纪中叶以来 以美国为代表的西方国家兴起了 批判性思维 研究潮 流 我国于上世纪80 年代末引入 批判性思维 概念 并开始对其进行研究 批判性思维对创新思维能力的发展起重要作用 已受到各相关学科的重视 目前 国内批判性思维研究基本上还处于探索和发展阶段 还未形成系统的 理论 鉴于此 本文尝试在前人研究基础上 对批判性思维的基本内涵及其能力 培养问题进行研究 本文认为 批判性思维是以批判性精神为特点和内在动力 对文本进行辩证 和公正评价的综合性思维 本文从批判性思维的对象 结构和实质三方面对此定 义作具体分析 批判性思维的对象是文本 批判性思维的结构由批判性精神和批 判性思维技能两个维度组成 批判性思维的实质是评价性和综合性 批判性思维能力是批判性思维研究和培养的核心内容 其中 提出批判性问 题是批判性思维的主要能力 本文将对批判性问题的生成 类型及其评价问题作 一具体阐述 本文最后将探讨批判性思维能力的培养问题 着重对大学批判性思维课程的 设置作一构想 批判性思维课程应以 批判性思维能力培养 为核心内容 以案 例教学法为主要教学方式 关键词 批判性思维 批判性思维能力 批判性问题 批判性思维课程 Abstract Since the middle of the last century, the wave of investigations on critical thinking has begun to be popular in west countries delegated by USA. The concept of critical thinking went into china and was studied in 1980’s. Critical thinking, which plays an important role in the development of the ability of innovation extraordinary, has attached other subjects ’ attention. The studies on critical thinking are on the stage of infantile and have not come into an integrated theoretic system now. On the basis of former studies, I try to research and cast lights on critical thinking and cultivation of its ability on a new point of view. Be characterized by and be intrinsic driven by critical spirit, critical thinking is regarded as a synthetic thinking which is used to evaluate text comprehensively and equitably in this thesis. I expatiate on this definition from object, structure and substance of critical thinking. The objective of critical thinking is text. Critical thinking is composed of two dimensionalities: the critical spirit and the skill of critical thinking. Substance of critical thinking is evaluation and comprehension. The key content of investigation and cultivation