组织学与胚胎学 内分泌系统 双语教学10Circulatory SystemPPT.ppt

组胚教研室 陈同强 ;目的与要求;Circulatory system is a closed tubular system consisting of cardiovascular and lymphatic vascular system. ;Ⅰ.Heart – a pump, hollow muscular organ 1. The wall of the heart – 3 layers:;(1) Endocardium – thin inner lining composed of 2 layers Endothelium: simple squamous epithelium : a thin sheet of connective tissue. consists of loose connective tissue containing blood vessles, nerves and the conducting system of the heart. ;– of the Consists of a thin layer of loose connective tissue covered by (simple squamous epithelium ). Numerous adipose cells in the;Sinoatrial node occupies a subepicardial position near junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium. Others are located in subendocardial layer.;(1). Pacemaker cell (P cell): pale appearance under both LM and EM, the site of pacemaker impulse formation, smaller than ordinary cardiac muscular cells, more numerous in the SA node and AV node, particularly in their central part; (2). Transitional cell: intermediate between simple P-cells and more complex ordinary cardiac muscular cells, distributed in the periphery of the SA node and the AV node. ;(3). Purkinje fiber / cell– terminal branches of conducting system;Ⅱ. Arteries – classified according to size into 4 groups: Large, Medium-sized, Small arteries and arteriole, but no clearly-defined limits exist between them. ;1. tunica intima;2. tunica media;elastic membranes;Thin layer of loose connective tissue containing small blood vessels (termed vasa vasorum) and nerve fibres. ;B. Medium-sized artery: (Muscular artery / distributing artery). Except for the large arteries, all arteries which have the name in gross anatomy, e.g. renal artery, hepatic artery. Similar to that of the large arteries. Distinguishing histological characteristics are: ;1. tunica intima consists of three layers: an endothelium, a sub