清宫连台本戏《铁旗阵》研讨.pdf

摘 要 摘 要 《铁旗阵》是清代宫廷中演述杨家将故事的连台本大戏之一，据现有文献 资料记载，它自乾嘉年间创编以后，道光、咸丰、光绪三朝皆有演出，鉴于该 剧在杨家将故事发展史方面以及清代宫廷连台本戏发展史方面所具有的代表 性，本文以《铁旗阵》为主要研究对象。 清代以前，杨家将曲艺、小说已经非常繁盛，如果说清宫连台本戏《昭代 箫韶》是历代杨家将故事集大成的戏曲作品，那么，《铁旗阵》则反映了杨家 将故事在清代尤其是在清宫中的流变。通过文本细读与比较分析，我们发现《铁 旗阵》的人物形象及剧情主要受到了民间评话、说唱等曲艺的影响，其在清宫 中的产生，与其创作群体所属地域文化有一定程度的联系，也与清代统治者的 政治意图、文化政策等密切相关。 《铁旗阵》在各朝演出脚本大致相同，道光、咸丰两朝其演出体制比较固 定，演出脚本也无太大变化。笔者通过文献考据发现，《铁旗阵》在清代宫廷 中演出的次数并不止于王芷章、周明泰等人等所记载的四次。道咸年间《铁旗 阵》“分段”演出的脚本应是改“本”为“段”，这之前《铁旗阵》脚本应是 十本一百零三出；而光绪年间《铁旗阵》改“段”为“本”则是从咸丰年间就 开始的，且其改“段”为“本”并非重归道咸之前的分本方式。另外，光绪年 间演出本将昆弋本改为皮黄本，其改编底本应为道光、咸丰年间的演出脚本。 关键词：铁旗阵 杨家将戏 连台本戏 宫廷承应演出 I abstract Abstract As one of LianTaiBen drama repertoire, the content of Tie qi zhen is about The Yangs generals ’ Story. According to existing literature records, since writen,it was very popular in the Qing dynasty palace, and performed in three dynastys of Daoguang 、Xianfeng and Guangxu. Because of its’ outstangding status in the development history of Yang General’ Family Story and representatived in LianTaiBen drama repertoire, the study’s main object is Tie qi zhen in this article. Before the Qing dynasty, The Yangs generals’ Story had been very prosperous already.If Zhao dai xiao shao was the biggest achievement of all previous dynasties of The Yangs generals ’ Story, Tie qi zhen was reflected the rheological of The Yangs generals’ Story in the Qing dynasty, especially in Qing court. The characters and the plot of Tie qi zhen was mainly influenced by folk popular The Yangs generals ’ Story. It produced in the Qing dynasty palace, to some extent, was related to its creation group who were inf