chapter8(一) 正激波及有关问题 空气动力学英文教材.pptVIP

CHAPTER 8 NORMAL SHOCK WAVES AND RELATED TOPICS 第八章 正激波及有关问题 Shock wave: A large-amplitude compression wave, such as that produced by an explosion, caused by supersonic motion of a body in a medium. 激波是一个大振幅波,如由爆炸产生的波及物体在介质中超音速运动而引起的波. 8.1 INTRODUCTION The purpose of this chapter and Chap.9 is to develop shock-wave theory, thus giving us the means to calculate the changes in the flow properties across a wave. 本章和第九章的目的是推导激波理论,因而得出计算通过激波的流动特性变化量的公式。 ;The focus of this chapter is on normal shock waves, as sketched in Fig. 8.1. The supersonic flow over a blunt body and the supersonic flow established inside a nozzle are shown in Fig. 8.1.;第八章的路线图:;正激波基本控制方程的推导;8.2 THE BASIC NORMAL SHOCK EQUATIONS 正激波的基本方程;能量方程：;Repeating the above results for clarity, the basic normal shock equations are: 为了清晰起见，我们重复写出???激波基本方程：;Discussion: Finally, we note that Eqs. (8.2),(8.6),(8.10) are not limited to normal shock waves; they describe the changes that take place in any steady, adiabatic, inviscid flow where only one direction is involved. That is, in Fig. 8.3 the flow is in the x direction only . This type of flow, where the flow-field variables are functions of x only, [p= p(x), u=u(x),etc.], is defined as one-dimensional flow. Thus, Eqs. (8.2),(8.6),(8.10) are governing equations for one-dimensional, steady, adiabatic, inviscid flow. 讨论： 最后，我们应注意,方程(8.2),(8.6),(8.10) 并不只适用于正激波,他们描述了只包含一个方向的定常、绝热、无粘流动。在图8.3中，流动只沿x方向进行。 这种类型的流动被定义为一维流动，其流场变量只是x的函数[p= p(x), u=u(x),等等]。因此，方程(8.2),(8.6),(8.10) 是一维、定常、绝热、无粘流动的控制方程。;8.3 SPEED OF SOUND 音速(声速） ? What is the physical mechanism of the propagation of sound waves? 声波传播的物理机理是什么？ ? How can we calculate the speed of sound? 我们怎样计算声音的速度？ ? What properties of the gas does it depend on? 声音由气体的什么特性决定？ The purpose of this section is to address these questions. 本节的目的就是要回答、讨论这些问题。 ;;the regions of energized molecules are also regions of slight variations in the local temperature , pressure, and density. Hence, as this energy wave from the fir