Lecture 2 - Major Ions in Sea Water 华盛顿大学-海洋化学教材.pptVIP

Lecture 2 - Major Ions in Sea Water;How are the major ions of seawater defined? What are the major ions? Elements versus species? moles versus grams – conversions (See EH Table 1.2);DIC;Some major ions are conservative. These are Na, K, SO4, Br, B and F. What does this mean? conservative. How do you demonstrate this? What are the consequences? Do conservative major ions have a constant concentration in the ocean? Law of Constant Proportions (Me/S‰ = constant) The Law breaks down in estuaries, evaporite basins, hydrothermal vents.;Some Major Ions are non-conservative Examples: Ca, Mg, Sr, Dissolved Inorganic Carbon;Ca correlates with He3 and Si These are also Hydrothermal Vent Tracers;Inverse Mg – Ca Relationship from EPR at 17?S; 113?W (from de Villiers, 1999);Mg;Sr – also increases with depth (~2%) and N. Atl to N. Pac Distributions similar to PO4 (excellent correlation);Excellent Correlation Sr vs PO4;Acantharia shell and cyst;Review questions from OCN210 1. How is the salinity of seawater defined? Units? (see editorial by Millero (1993) at the end of this Lecture). 2. What techniques have been used to measure the salinity of seawater? Precision? 3. How does salinity vary in the surface ocean? 4. What controls this variability? ;Density of Seawater;Annual average surface salinity;Salinity;Annual average surface temperature;Potential Temperature;Waters will move mostly along surfaces of constant density.;Evaporation and Precipitation Effects on Surface Salinity;;Sea Surface Salinity;Salinity Cross Section in Altantic Ocean;Salinity Cross Section (Pacific Ocean);Paleo-temperature application Sr/Ca in corals decreases with increasing temperature.