毕业设计----塔式起重机电气控制系统设计.docVIP

摘要 本文是以满足塔式起重机的各个动作而设计的电气控制系统。从塔式起重机的变幅动作、回转动作、起降动作和哥哥动作中的变速入手，根据继电—接触控制器原理和三相异步电机的变速原理设计的电气控制电路。 与加入PLC控制器的控制系统相比只由继电—接触控制器组成的电气控制系统比加入PLC控制器的控制系统抗干扰性强，但是对塔式起重机的钢铁结构冲击较大适合用于小型塔式起重机。 关键词：回转、变幅、起升、继电----接触器。 目 录 摘 要·····················································1 一 塔式起重机总述·········································4 1.1总述···················································4 1.1.1特点···············································4 1.1.2发展概况···········································6 1.2塔式起重机的组成······································11 1.2.1塔机的金属结构 1.2．2塔机的零部件 1.2.3塔机的工作机构 1.2.4塔机的电气设备 1.2.5塔机的液压系统、塔机的安全装置 1.2.7塔机的防倾翻规定 1.2.8自升式塔机的附着锚固 二 电气控制系统设计······································18 2.1 设计的背景·········································18 2.2启动电路···········································18 2.3 回转控制 ··········································21 2.3.1回转正反转控制·······························21 2.3.2回转高中低速控制·······························24 2.4 增减幅的控制·······································24 2.4.1 增幅控制······································24 2.4.2减幅控制······································27 2.4.3档位控制······································27 2.5起升控制············································27 2.5.1起升安全······································32 2.5.2起升下降控制··································32 2.5.3档位控制·······································32 三 感谢·················································33 四 参考文献··············································34 六 附录················································35 一 塔式起重机总述 1.1总述 　塔式起重机简称，亦称，起源于。据记载，第一项有关建筑用塔机专利颁发于1900年。1905年出现了塔身固定的装有臂架的起重机，1923年制成了近代塔机的原型样机，同年出现第一台比较完整的近代塔机。1930年当时已开始批量生产塔机，并用于建筑施工。1941年，有关塔机的德国工业标准DIN8770公布。该标准规定以吊载(t)和幅度(m)的乘积(tm)一起以重力矩表示塔机的起重能力。 我国的塔机行业于20世纪50年代开始起步,相对于中由于建筑业疲软造成的塔机业的不景气,波赫驱动系统有限公司我国的塔机业正处于一个迅速的发展时期　　从塔机的技术发展方面来看，虽然新的产品层出不穷，新产品在生产效能、操作简便、保养容易和运行可靠方面均有提高，但是塔机的技术并无根本性的改变。塔机的研究正向着组合式发展。所谓的组合式，就是以塔身结构为核心，按结构和功能特点，将塔身分解成若干部分，并依据系列化和通用化要求，遵循模数制原理再将各部分划分成若干模块。根据参数要求，选用适当模块分别组成具有不同技术性能特征的塔机，以满足施工的具体需求。