cyclin家族.docVIP

细胞周期的主要周期素有：cyclin A, cyclin B, cyclin D及cyclin E。在G1期→S期调控蛋白为细胞周期蛋白D1(cyclin D1)以及细胞周期蛋白E(cyclin E)，s期→G2期调控蛋白为细胞周期蛋白A(cyclin A)，G2期→M期调控蛋白为细胞周期蛋白B(cyclin B)。 每一个周期素都有一个共同位叫cyclin box。cyclin box的功能是激活一种叫周期素激酶(cyclin-dependent kinase; CDK)。 不同的周期素激酶在细胞周期的不同阶段发生作用。例如：cyclin D激活CDK4或CDK6掌控G1期的细胞生长；cyclin A及cyclin E激活CDK2调控染色体复制；cyclin A及cyclin B激活CDK1调控有丝分裂和减数分裂。 Cyclin A is a member of the cyclin family. Cyclin A binds to S phase Cdk2 and is required for the cell to progress through the S phase. Cyclin A/ Cdk2 is inhibited by the complex p21CIP. Cyclin B is a member of the cyclin family. Cyclin B is a mitotic cyclin. The amount of cyclin B (which binds to Cdk1) and the activity of the cyclin B-Cdk complex rise through the cell cycle[2] until mitosis, where they fall abruptly due to degradation of cyclin B (Cdk1 is constitutively present).[3] The complex of Cdk and cyclin B is called maturation promoting factor or mitosis promoting factor (MPF). Cyclin D is a member of the cyclin protein family that is involved in regulating cell cycle progression. The synthesis of cyclin D is initiated during G1 and drives the G1/S phase transition. Cyclin D protein is anywhere from 155 (in zebra mussel) to 477 (in Drosophila) amino acids in length.[2] Once the cells reach a critical cell size (and if no mating partner is present in yeast) and if growth factors and mitogens (for multicellular organism) or nutrients (for unicellular organism) are present, cells enter the cell cycle. In general, all stages of the cell cycle are chronologically separated in humans and are triggered by cyclin-Cdk complexes which are periodically expressed and partially redundant in function. Cyclins are eukaryotic proteins that form holoenzymes with cyclin-dependent protein kinases (Cdk), which they activate. The abundance of cyclins is generally regulated by protein synthesis and degradation through an APC/c dependent pathway. Cyclin D is one of the major cyclins produced in terms of its functional impo