无线通信基础双语教学课件16.ppt

Each node is attached to a transmitter/receiver which communicates via a channel shared by other nodes Transmission from any node is received by other nodes Multiple access protocols Solving multiple access issues Different types: Channel Partitioning (FDMA TDMA CDMA) Taking Turns (Taking Ring) Random Access (Aloha CSMA) 1 2 3 Time Collision 4 Node 4 sense Delay Node 5 sense Delay Node 1 Packet Node 2 Packet Node 3 Packet Node 5 Packet Node 4 Packet 1-Persistent CSMA Sense the channel. If busy, keep listening to the channel and transmit immediately when the channel becomes idle. If idle, transmit a packet immediately. If collision occurs, Wait a random amount of time and start over again. Non-Persistent CSMA Sense the channel. If busy, wait a random amount of time and sense the channel again If idle, transmit a packet immediately If collision occurs wait a random amount of time and start all over again P-Persistent CSMA Step1: Sense the channel If channel is idle, transmit a packet with probability p if a packet was transmitted, go to step 2 if a packet was not transmitted, wait one slot and go to step 1 If channel is busy, wait one slot and go to step 1. Step2: Detect collisions If a collision occurs, wait a random amount of time and go to step1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 G 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 S Aloha Slotted Aloha 1-persistent CSMA 0.5-persistent CSMA 0.1-persistent CSMA 0.01-persistent CSMA Nonpersistent CSMA CSMA/CD (Collision detection) Sense the channel If idle, transmit immediately If busy, wait until the channel becomes idle Collision detection Abort a transmission immediately if a collision is detected Try again later after waiting a random amount of time A B T0 A begins transmission A B B begins transmission Time T0+?-? A B B detects collision T0+? A B A detects collision just before end of transmission T0+2? -? CSMA/CD (Collision detection) Probl