电子技术课程设计报告---声控走廊灯.doc

设计课题：声 控 走 廊 灯  目录 摘要··················································3 课题简介··············································3 方案设计··············································4 系统框图··············································4 系统框图分析··········································4 各单元电路设计和参数计算······························5 传感器电路············································5 放大电路··············································5 T’触发器·············································6 单稳态电路············································7 驱动电路··············································7 系统调试和测试结果·····································9 测试仪器··············································9 测试环境··············································9 测试方法··············································9 测试数据··············································9 设计总结··············································10 参考文献··············································10 附····················································10 摘要 本系统用驻极体话筒来接受声音信号,并将其转化为声音信号.用LM324构成运放将微弱的信号放大.用两片CD4013分别构成T触发器和单稳态电路,再加上一个单刀双置开关，当开关接在T触发器即可实现击掌一次灯亮，再击掌一次灯灭。当开关接在单稳态电路上即可实现击掌一次灯亮，过一段时间灯自动熄灭。我们用三极管来作为发光二极管的驱动。 关键词：驻极体 LM324 CD4013 三极管 一．课题简介: 声控走廊灯在目前已得到广泛的使用，它给人们的生活带来了很大的方便，与其他灯相比最突出的优点就是节约了很大一部分电能。生活中，不管是在居民的小区里，还是在工作的高楼大厦里，我们都能看到声控走廊灯的声影。 声控走廊灯是把声音信号（如脚步声）通过传感器转化成电信号，用电信号来驱动电灯泡。 声控走廊灯具有的特点： 稳定性好，及时的为人们提供照明。 作用时间合理，人进楼道口时亮，人尽可能离开时熄灭，不要人在中途时就熄灭。 节能性好，声控走廊灯需很少的电就能工作很长时间。 声控走廊灯的设计要求： 开关式控制：击掌一次灯亮，再击掌一次灯灭。 延时式控制：一次击掌后灯亮，延时3秒后自动熄灭。 声控走廊灯的设计原理： 根据设计任务的要求，首先要将声音信号转化成电信号，这需要传感器电路，由于传感器电路输出的电信号比较微弱，所以我们需要放大电路，经放大后的电信号要实现开关式控制和延时式控制两种控制方法，开关式控制中要求击掌一次灯亮，击掌一次灯灭，如果将击掌信号视为触发脉冲，这上述现象恰好与T’触发器的翻转功能相一致，到另一端所以我们选用T’触发器实现开关失控制；延时式控制要求击掌一次后灯亮10秒钟自动熄灭，如果我们将上述击掌信号视为触发信号，将此触发信号加到一个单稳态触发器上恰好可以满足上述要求，所以我们在放大电路后面用一个双路开关实现上述两种控制方式，开关拨到一端实现开关式控制，开关拨到另一端实现延时式控制，经过T’触发器或单稳态触发器输出的信号是数字信号，驱动能力略显不足，所以我们考虑增加一级驱动放大电路，然后再输出给电