动量与动量守恒定律.pptVIP

大学物理 第三章 动量和动量守恒定律 3-1 质点和质点系的动量定理 大学物理 * 大学物理 明确冲量是力对时间的积累效应，掌握动量原理，注意动量的瞬时性、矢量性和相对性。 掌握系统动量守恒定律，包括动量分量守恒的情况，会分析动量守恒条件，包括当内力远大于外力时的情况。 教学基本要求 动量 is defined as the product of mass and velocity of the particle. This product is given a special name: Momentum. It is also sometimes called linear momentum(线动量） to distinguish（区别） it from a similar quantity called angular momentum（角动量）, to be discussed later. 矢量 From the second law of Newton, we have (3-1) That is which is the initial(最初的） form(形式） of Newton’s Second Law when he found it. (3-2) Rewrite (3-1) as , and taking time integration（积分） from t1to t2, we have The quantity at the left side is defined as the impulse（冲量） of the force from t1 to t2 , and labeled as , that is Equation (3-2) becomes (3-4) (3-3) 冲量定义 质点的动量定理 (theorem of momentum)。 or: 单位：牛顿·秒(N · s) The components of (3-4) are (3-5) 常用来研究碰撞问题 (3-6) In Fig.3-1, an impact(冲击） force is illustrated（图解说明） roughly（粗略地）. When dealing with such a variable force , it is helpful to introduce an average impulse force ,defined by F(t) t1 t2 Fig.3-1 which is represented by a straight(直的） line in Fig.3-1. 大学物理 第三章 动量和动量守恒定律 3-1 质点和质点系的动量定理 大学物理 * 大学物理