第十一讲 动语态的译法.pptVIP

Translation of English Passive Voice As we know, the passive voice is more commonly used in English than in Chinese, especially in the writing of science and technology. In the sentence in which the doers are not necessarily told or not known, the passive voice is used and sometimes for the sake of the connection of the context, there occurs the passive voice. When you translate sentences of passive voice , you shouldn’t translate the original mechanically. In practical translation, there are several ways to deal with English passive voice. 译成汉语的主动句 Many streets have been widened. 许多街道都拓宽了。 受事主语使动化 以 主动形式表达被动意义是人们长期使用汉语形成的语言习惯。这种译法不带“被”字这类表示被动的标志，形式上与主动句没有区别；而实际上，主语却是谓语动词 的受动者，整个句子表示的是被动意义，现代汉语里即使在逻辑上应该用，但在语感上不宜用“被”“受”等字时，就必须或倾向于省略，成为形式上主动、逻辑上 被动的谓语动词。 原句主语在句中仍做主语 (1) When translating a passive English sentence into an active Chinese one, leaving the position of the subject and the predicate unchanged. Your letter has been received. 你的来信已经收到。 党的十七大顺利召开了。 The 17th Congress of our Party was successfully convened. 主宾换位翻译 (2) Translation from a passive English sentence into an active Chinese one involves a change of word order. That’s to say, the subject is changed into the object in Chinese. By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization, but at a cost of over 200 Belgian and French lives. 大战终了时，这个组织拯救了八百人，但那是以二百多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的。 译成汉语的判断句 (3 ) Turn a passive sentence into an active Chinese with predicative 是…的, History is made by the people. 历史是人民创造的。 Many basins were formed by the subsidence of the earth’s crust . 许多盆地都是由于地壳陷落而形成的。 Poets are born, but orators are made. 诗人是天生的，而演说家是后天造就的。 adding “人们，有人，我们，大家” etc. Except in times of drought, water has never been regarded as a valuable natural resource. 除了干旱期，人们从不把水看成是宝贵的自然资源。 He was seen to enter the house. 有人看见他进了那所房子。 The fact that the earth is round was not known till a few centuries ago. 直到几世纪前，我们才知道地球是圆的。 译成无主句 Felling trees is forbidden. 禁止砍伐森林。 Childr