电阻炉温度控制系统的设计与实现.docVIP

电阻炉温度控制系统设计与实现 摘 要 关键词：；；Abstract Temperature is one of common and the most basic parameters in the industrial production. General physical and chemical changes have a close relationship with temperature, as a result, generally speaking, it is necessary to detect and monitor temperature during production. Type resistance furnace of laboratory is such a temperature object that has a bigger pure lagging and a temperature constant, the design chooses a PID adjustment principle. According to the control precise of design requirements, the design chooses a single circuit controlling system. The design chooses two design plans: of which the first one is a DDZ-III instrument-based control system, in which an open loop system is made up of to survey the features of the temperature object, with which calculate the control parameters of the PID controller, and after a close loop control system is made completely, it is necessary to adjust the parameters of the PID controller manually to get the best parameters for PID; the second one is a shimaden PID adjuster-based control system.Thus, the second plan is simpler and more convenient when implementing and is more precise when controlling. The system that is made up of the second plan is more reliable. As the control systems and controlling principles of the two design plans are consistent, the design focuses on introducing the first plan. Key words: resistance furnace; PID adjustment principle; single circuit controlling system. 第一章 电阻炉温度对象特性测试 本设计求取电阻炉温度特性的数学模型采用的是实验辨识方法（响应曲线法），当先使电阻炉达到一个稳态（温度为150℃时），在达到稳态后给电阻炉一个阶跃信号（大小为30V），用记录仪记录下电阻炉温度在阶跃信号作用下被控对象随时间变化的特性曲线，测量电阻炉温度对象特性曲线的框图如图1.1所示： 图1.1 电阻炉温度特性测量原理框图 根据实验侧得得对象特性曲线如图1.2所示： 图1.2 对象特性曲线 根据图3.2所示，阶跃输入幅值为30，则增益K可按下式求取： (1.1) 时间常数T及延迟时间τ可用作图法确定:在图3.2的对象特性曲线的拐点P做切线，切线与时间轴交于A点，而与特性曲线稳态值的渐近线交于B点，则OA对应延迟时间τ，AB对应时间常数T。对象特性曲线对应的传递函数为： (1.2) 这种近似方法拟合精度较差但方法简单，但方法简便，而且实践表明它可以成功地应用于PID调节器的参数整定。 在有了K、T、τ三个数据，即