提升托福口语连贯性.doc

“连贯性”是新托福口语评分标准中的一个非常重要的因素，它指的是托福口语答案中信息点之间的衔接是否自然流畅。以下归纳整理的资料可以帮助考生增强口语回答连贯性的六条指导原则。　　1. 运用总分总的结构　　Your listeners will understand your talk betterif you organize what you say in a logical sequence or linearpattern. This means that you tell the listeners what you are goingto talk about and then go through the points you want to make. Themost common pattern of organization is outlined below:　　Introductory statement　　Point 1　　Point 2　　Point 3　　Concluding statement　　An example of this pattern is shown below:　　Breeding butterflies has many advantages for the collector.　　1. way of obtaining specimens　　2. spares can be released into the wild　　3. helps survival because butterflies have been protected fromnatural predators　　The experience is a learning experience for the collector and abenefit to the species.　　2. 运用连接词　　Connecting ideas by using transition words andphrases tells your listeners the relationship of one idea to thenext. You can signal to your listener that you are going to putevents in a sequence, add information, or make a comparison. Youcan signal that you want to emphasize or clarify a point. Usingtransition words and phrases helps your listener follow the flow ofyour ideas. Read the following example without transitionalexpressions:　　In my physics class, we did lots of experiments that helpedclarify scientific principles. I understood those principles betterby doing those experiments.　　These sentences would flow better if the speaker usedtransitional expressions as in the following example:　　In my physics class, we did lots of experiments that helpedclarify scientific principles. As a result, I understood thoseprinciples better.　　3. 解释或定义陌生概念　　In order to help your listeners understand, youmay need to define a term that you use in your response. Read thefollowing example:　　My hobby is telemark skiing.　　If the speaker does not define the term and listeners do not knowwhat telemark skiing is, they might not underst