混凝土专业毕业设计外文翻混合物配合比设计.docxVIP

附录 外文翻译 MIX DESIGN PROPORTIONING （一）MIX DESIGN The concrete mix design (CMD) for QC/QA superstructure concrete must produce a workable concrete mixture having properties that will not exceed the maximum and/or minimum values defined in the special provision. Workability in concrete defines its capacity to be placed, consolidated, and finished without harmful segregation or bleeding. Workability is affected by aggregate gradation, particle shape, proportioning of aggregate, amount and qualities of cementitious materials, presence of entrained air, amount and quality of high range water reducer, and consistency of mixture. Consistency of the concrete mixture is its relative mobility and is measured in terms of slump. The higher the slump the more mobile the concrete, affecting the ease with which the concrete will flow during placement. Consistency is not synonymous with workability. Two different mix designs may have the same slump; however, their workability may be different. Selection of target parameters by the contractor for any mix design must consider the influence of the following: 1. material availability and economics 2. variability of each material throughout period of usage 3. control capability of production plant 4. ambient conditions expected at the time(s) of concrete placement 5. logistics of concrete production, delivery, and placement 6. variability in testing concrete properties 7.generation of heat in large structural elements and differential in thermal gradient The qualities of the cementitious paste provide a primary influence on the properties of concrete. Proper selection of the cementitious content and water/cementitious ratio is dependent on the experience of the concrete producer and becomes a very important first step in preparing a design. For workable concrete, a higher water cementitious ratio is typically required when aggregate becomes more angular and rough textured. The presence of air, certain pozzolans, and aggregate proporti