第九节 主从复合句.docVIP

第九章 主从复合句 由两个或两个以上有依存关系的主谓结构形成的句子称为主从复合句，从句必然在主句中充当语法成分，如定语、宾语、状语、同位语、主语、表语等。注意：句子不可以只有从句没有主句　　　从句一般由特定的引导词引出，有些从句除去引导词是完整的主谓结构，如：状语从句、部分宾语从句、同位语从句等；而有些从句引导词在从句中充当语法成分，如：定语从句、部分表语和主语从句、部分宾语从句等第一节 定语从句在句中充当定语的句子就叫做定语从句，定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的，修饰从句的先行词。 how等词引导的宾语从句如：I cant understand why you feel so bitter about her manners.? ?Could you explain what has caused the delay?? ?I wonder how you managed to escape.? ?Just tell me which one you prefer.此类从句的形式颇像问句，但需注意应用陈述句语序，不可倒装 可接此类从句的动词有：ask, say, tell, know, wonder, understand, inform, advise, decide, find, answer, suggest, show, discuss, discover等 三、whether /if 引导的宾语从句whether / if引导的从句，表示“是否….”，whether /if虽不在从句中担当成分，但因有实际意思，不可省略，之后的从句必须是完整的主谓结构如：I wonder if /whether you are interested in his paintings.? ?I cant decide whether I should go or not. (此时不能用if) 注：有些be+形容词的句式结构类似于宾语从句，可归入此类，如：I am sure that he will come before long.Im afraid (that) you are not allowed to enter without a pass. 例题：(1) Almost all economists agree ----by trading with one another.? (A) nations that are gained? (B) nations they gain? (C) gaining nations? (D) that nations gain 答案：D 解释：谓语动词agree的宾语不完整, 因agree一词不能直接与名词词组搭配, 但可接that引导的从句, 故D以外的选项均可排除 (2) 　Today it is generally recognized as the primary function of the Federal Reserve 　　A　　　　　　　　　　　 B　System is to foster the flow of credit and money that will eventually facilitate a 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　C　　　　　　　　　　　　　D　balance in international payments. 答案：B应改为：that.解释：介词as无法连接两个主谓句，应用关系连词连接，构成宾语从句 (3) ?A biologist does not merely describe organisms, but tries to learn ----act as they do.?(A) what causes them to?(B) causes them to what?(C) what to cause them?(D) what cause to them 答案：A解释：空格处需要的是动词learn的宾语，B是谓语形式可先排除；因不符合固定词组cause somebody to do, C和D均可排除；A是what引导的宾语从句，符合题意 第三节 状语从句 ? ?状语从句是从句中的一大类，在考题中更是频繁出现，它的主要功能是作主句的状语，由完整的主谓句构成。状语从句和主句在语法上关系并不紧密，但在逻辑上是不可分割的 考点一 分类及主要引导词 1. 时间状语从句主要引导词：when, whenever, before, after, until, while, since, once, so long as, as soo