U形管换热器机设计说明书.docVIP

摘 要 使热量从热流体传递到冷流体的设备成为换热设备。它是化工、炼油、动力、食品、轻工、原子能、制药、机械及其他许多工业部门广泛使用的一种通用设备。在化工厂中，换热设备的投资约占总投资的10%—20%；在炼油厂中，约占总投资的35%—40%。 在工业生产中，换热设备的主要作用是使热量由温度较高的流体传递给温度较低的流体，使流体温度达到工艺要求规定的指标,以满足工艺过程上的需要。此外，换热设备也是回收余热、废热特别是低位热能的有效装置。 在本设计中，我所设计的是U型管换热器。U型管换热器的结构特点是，只有一块管板，管束由多根U型管组成，管的两端固定在同一块管板上，管子可以自由伸缩。当壳体与U形换热管有温差时，不会产生热应力。 U型管式换热器结构比较简单、价格便宜，承压能力强，适用于管、壳壁温差较大或壳程介质易结垢需要清洗，又不适宜采用浮头式和固定管板式的场合。特别适用于管内走清洁而不宜结垢的高温、高压、腐蚀性大的物料。 关键词：换热设备，U型管换热器，结构特点 Abstract The equipment that transfer heat from hot liquid to the cool one is called heat exchanger.It is a general equipment that widely used in chemical industry,oil refining,motive power,atomic energy,pharmacy,mechanism and many other department of industry.In chemical industry,the investment of heat exchanger is 10% to 20% percent of total investment;In oil refining factory,the one is 35% to 40%. In the industrial producing,transfer heat from higher temperature liquid to the lower one is the main function of the heat exchanger,it make the temperature of liquid reached the stipulate target of technological process,so that to satisfy the requirement in technological process.In addition,the heat exchanger is effective install that can retrieve surplus heat and waste heat. The structure characteristics of U-tube heat exchanger is what there is only one tube plate,the tube bundle is make up of many U-tube,both ends of the tube are fixed on the same tube plate,the tube can stretch out and draw back freely.When there is a temperature difference between the shell and the U-tube,there would not be thermal stress. The structure of the U-tube heat exchanger is simple,the price is cheap and the ability of bearing pressure is strong,it is adapt to the temperature difference between tube wall and shell wall is relative large or the medium of the shell are easy to scaling and unwell adopt float heat exchanger and fixed tube plate heat exchanger.especially adapt to the materiel and supplies in the tube is high temperature,high pre