浅析农村小额信贷风险控制与管理.docVIP

浅析农村小额信贷风险控制与管理 　　摘要：近年发展迅速的农村小额信贷是我国农村金融的重要组成部分。开展农村小额信贷业务，不仅有效缓解了农民贷款难问题，而且有力促进了小额信贷机构自身的发展。虽然小额信贷发展前景光明，但从目前情况看,国内的小额信贷还处在较低的发展水平,存在例如资金供给不足、行政干预面过广、机构财务运转能力薄弱等问题。同时小额信贷也面临着市场及其自身的各种风险。为了改善我国农村小额信贷制度，推动农村经济发展，我们要采取有效措施对农村小额信贷进行风险管理。通过建立信用风险评估模型，信用评级制度，信贷公示制度等，提高小额信贷风险控制力，进一步推动小额贷款在我国的扶贫事业中发挥更大的作用，并且引导我国的小额信贷逐步向有秩序、有目的、效益好的方向健康发展。 　　关键词：农村小额信贷；风险评估；风险控制；风险管理 　　Abstract：In recent years, the rapid development of China’s rural micro-credit is an important part of rural finance. Microfinance business in rural areas not only effectively alleviate the problem of loans to farmers, but also promote the development of microfinance institutions themselves. Although in the current situation, the development of the domestic micro-credit is still in the low level. For example, the supply of such funds is insufficient, the administrative intervention is too broad and the ability of the institutional financial operation to solve problems is so weak. What’s more, at the same time, the micro-credit also faces to the different kinds of its own and the microfinance market’s risks. In order to improve the China’s rural micro-credit system and promote the rural economic development, we must take effective measures to manage the rural micro-credit risks. By establishing the credit risk assessment model, the credit rating system, the credit system of notification and so on, we could finally improve the control of the micro-credit risk and guide our microfinance to the healthy development gradually, orderly, purposefully and effectively. 　　Key words：Rural micro-credit; risk assessment; risk control; risk management 　　农村信用社小额信用贷款经过多年的实践和发展，已成为我国小额信贷的主流与代表，反映了我国小额信贷制度的总体特征，有助于合理有效配置农村金融资源。但因农村小额信贷笔数多、分布散、发放对象特殊等因素，其风险不断凸显，从而影响了小额信贷业务的正常健康发展。本文通过研究分析农村信用社小额信贷风险的表现，探讨构建防范对策，以促进小额信用贷款更加规范有序地发展。 　　一、国内小额信贷发展现状与问题 　　小额信贷是指向微型企业和低收入群体提供的额度较小的信贷服务，通常采取联保或互保方式取代担保抵押,其实质是基于农户信誉的关系贷款、信用贷款。我国农村小额信贷总体来说有发展速度快、总体数量大、涉及面广等特点。尤其在2001年以后，小额信贷制度在中央银行再贷款政策、农村信用环境改善、国家税收优惠政策等推动下，得到了迅猛发展。银监会资料显示截至2011