呼吸道传播的微生物.PPT

The microbes infected via respiratory tract Main pathogenic microbes(Bacteria) Mycobacterium tuberculosis 结核分枝杆菌 Streptococcus pneumoniae肺炎链球菌 Corynebacterium diphtheriae白喉棒状杆菌 B. pertusis百日咳鲍特菌 Main pathogenic microbes(virus) Influenza virus流行性感冒病毒 Varicella-Zoster virus, VZV水痘-带状疱疹病毒 Mumps virus 腮腺炎病毒 Measles virus麻疹病毒 Rubella virus风疹病毒  Other main pathogenic microbes Mycoplasma pneumoniae 肺炎支原体 Chlamydia pneuminiae 肺炎衣原体 1、 Mycobacterium tuberculosis acid-fast rods capsulate obligate aerobe doubling time about 18~24h Lowenstein-Jensen medium variation resistance drying acids and alkalies dyes (malachite green) sensitive moist heat 70% ethyl alcohol ultraviolet light Mycobacterium tuberculosis 2) Pathogenicity capsule lipids cord factor(索状因子) , damage mitochondria membrane phosphatides(磷脂), tubercules sulfatides(硫酸脑苷脂), inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion waxes(蜡质D) adjuvant proteins tuberculin Infectious reservoirs patients,carriers transmitted ways: respiratory tract 、alimentary tract、skin pulmonary tuberculosis primary infection secondary infection extra-lung infection M.Tuberculosis in lung 4) Immunity infectious immunity T cell-mediated immunity immunity and hypersensitivity Koch phenomenon 5) Tuberculin Test principium reagent old tuberculin, OT purified protein derivative, PPD method significance prevention vaccination: BCG treatment rifampin (利福平) isoniazid (异烟肼) ethambutol(乙胺丁醇) streptomycin(链霉素) 2、 treptococcus pneumoniae Gram-positive lancet-shaped In pairs capsulate autolysis Capsule anti-phagocytic serotyping Autolysis - identification lobar pneumonia(大叶性肺炎) particularly young and old after damage to upper respiratory tract e.g. following viral infection Meningitis(children)(脑膜炎） otitis media(中耳炎） 3、Corynebacterium diphtheriae rod shape Gram positive metachromatic granule aerobe growth in Loefflers medium tellurite agar Corynebacterium diphtheriae Diptheria toxin B binds to host cell A inhibits protein synthesi