2012届高考英语考前最后冲刺精选的讲义语法的资料集虚拟语气汇编.docVIP

2012届高考英语考前最后冲刺精选讲义语法资料集虚拟语气汇编（三） 虚拟语气的基本作用是： 1. 表达假设的情况，与事实相反； 2. 表达异想天开很难实现的愿望； 3. 表达建议、命令、劝告等语气。 本节重在讲解if引导的虚拟条件句， 含蓄条件句，特殊结构中的虚拟语气，以及should+动词原形的用法。 一、虚拟语气的基本形式和用法 虚拟(条件)语气中，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类： 假设类型条件从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式 与现在事实相反If+动词的过去式 (be用were而不用was)would(第一人称可用should)+动词原形 与过去事实相反If+had+-ed分词would(第一人称可用should)+have+-ed分词 与将来事实可能相反If+were to+动词原形或 If+should+动词原形would(第一人称可用should)+动词原形 下面我们列举近年的真题来强化记忆。 例(1)Mary said to me, Had I seen your bag, I _____ it to you. A. will returnB. must returnC. could returnD. would have returned (【答案】D) 例(2)I would ask George to lend us the money if I _____ him. A. had knownB. have knownC. knewD. know (【答案】C)(1995年38题) 例(3)If Bob____ with us; he would have had a good time. A. would comeB. would have comeC. had comeD. came (【答案】C) 二、省略if的虚拟形式 在虚拟条件句中，如谓语包含were，had，should等词，则可以把这些词放到主语前面，省略if。 例(1)__________ the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business. A. If he tookB. If he should takeC. Were he to takeD. Had he taken (【答案】D) 例(2)__________, I should ask them some questions. A. Should they come to usB. If they come to usC. Were they come to usD. Had they come to us (【答案】A) 例(3)__________ you were busy, I wouldnt have bothered you with my questions. A. If I realizedB. Had I realizedC. Did I have realized thatD. As I realized (【答案】B) 三、含蓄条件句 有时一个假设的情况不用条件从句表示，而用其它方式来表示，这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。常用with，without，but for。 例(1)Without heat and sunlight, plants on the earth ______ well. A. would not growB. will not grow C. had not grownD. would not be grown (【答案】A) 例(2)But for my classmates help, I _____ the work in time. A. did not finishB. could not finishC. will not finishD. would not have finished (【答案】D) 例(3)But for the rain, we _____ a nice holiday. A. should haveB. would have hadC. would haveD. will have had (【答案】B) 四、特殊词或结构中的虚拟语气： ① 以wish(that)引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句 wish后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，而在虚拟语气中时态的应用类似在非真实条件中从句时态的应用。表示现在或将来的愿望用：主语＋wish ＋从句(主语＋过去时)；表示一个过去没有实现的愿望用：主语＋wish +从句(主语＋过去完成时)； 例(1)I didn’t go to the