Chapter 3 Stress Music amp; Language Studies3章应力音乐amp；语言的研究.docVIP

Chapter 3 Stress: what stress is and how it works with rhythm Stress is an important part of many different levels of English speech. First, all English words have a variety of stress patterns within the words. Next, within each speech unit all content words are stressed and all function words are not stressed. And finally, within each speech unit usually the last content word receives primary stress. Though stress patterns help determine the rhythm of a speech unit, in many cases the rhythm in itself is strong enough that it can change and move the stress pattern within words. Exactly what makes a syllable stressed? Stressed syllables are longer in duration, louder, and generally higher in pitch than unstressed syllables. It is my position in this book that the most important clue that determines stress in the syllable is duration. In English stressed syllables are always longer than unstressed syllables. We can use the method of lengthening and singing syllables in order to most clearly hear stress patterns in words. Hooray for Love is a happy and upbeat, very rhythmical song written by Harold Arlen. It shows some interesting stress placements within words. It also shows the power of rhythm to override and change the natural stress placements in words. I Love the Mountains is a favorite camp song which has a very interesting rhythm and is sometimes sung as a round. Freedom Lyrics are a rap song from the hip-hop group Jurassic 5. Rap songs take the basic rhythms of English speech units and make them stronger and try to repeat these rhythms as much as possible in order to achieve musical effects, without having any actual melody at all in the song. California Dreaming: Rhythm controls stress Rhythm is such an important organizing principle in English speech that many times the rhythm of speech units and songs and conversations overrides and changes the natural stress patterns of the words or phrases. For example, the three syllable words Jap