国际的关系概论 第二节 国际的体系.pptVIP

《国际关系概论》第二节 国际体系 本节主要内容 一、国际体系 二、国际格局 三、大国战略关系 一、国际体系 （一）体系 1、国际关系的分析层次 Levels of analysis: 分析层次 the different aspects of and agents in international affairs that may be stressed in interpreting world politics and explaining global phenomena, depending on whether the analyst chooses to focus on ‘wholes’ (the complete global system and large collectivities) or on ‘parts’ (individual states or people). Individual level of analysis: 个体层次 An analytical approach that emphasizes the psychological and perceptual variables motivating people, such as those who make foreign policy decisions on behalf of states and other global actors. State level of analysis：国家层次 an analytical approach that emphasizes how the internal attributes of states influence their foreign policy behaviors. States’ attributes: State characteristics that shape foreign policy behavior, such as its size, wealth, and the extent to which its leaders are accountable to(负责向) its citizens in comparison with other states. Global level of analysis：体系层次 an analytical approach that emphasizes the impact of worldwide conditions on foreign policy behavior and human welfare. 2、国际体系 Global system： the predominant patterns of behaviors and beliefs that prevail internationally to define the major worldwide conditions that heavily influence human and national activities. （二）不同理论流派如何看待“国际体系” 1、现实主义 体系结构：各国之间的权力分布状况（“极”，详见国际格局部分）。 Realism : the pessimistic theory derived from the assumption that because humans are born to seek self-advantage, international politics is doomed to be an endless struggle for power involving war. 2、自由主义 体系过程（进程）：体系单位之间的互动模式。其决定因素主要有：体系结构（多级结构导致灵活的国家互动，而两极导致僵硬的国家互动过程）；文化和制度环境（影响国家参加合作的动机与能力）；国家的目标和手段（激进的还是温和的）。 Liberalism : the optimistic theoretical tradition that because humans are capable of compassion and self-sacrifice for collective gains, it is possible for world politics to progress toward cooperation beyond narrow competition and war. 3、激进主义（马克思主义） 体系阶层分