名词性从句讲义完整版!.docVIP

名词性从句 名词性从句的概念： 1, 相当于名词，分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句 2，名词性从句的引导词： that, whether, if (一般是宾语从句)，as if(表语从句)，who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how,以及由how组成的词组， 如：how many, how long, how far 两组需要注意的连接词 that/what 1）that和what都可以引导名词性从句，但that是连接词，本身无词义，仅起连接作用，不在从句中担任任何成份；what是连接代词，不仅引导名词性从句，而且在从句中充当一定的成份，如主语、宾语或表语。 e.g: That he stole a bike was true. The important thing is what you do, but not what you say. 高考真题： _______ we cant get seems better than _______ we have. 　　A. What; what B. What; that 　　C. That; that D. That; what 2）whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。 a.在介词后面只能用whether，不能用if。 例如： ①This depends upon whether we are determined to do it. b. 在动词不定式之前，只能用whether，不能用if。 例如： ①He doesnt know whether to stay or not. c.引导主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句时只能用whether。 例如： ①It is unknown whether he will come. 他是否来还不知道。 ②The question is whether they can take our advice. 3.The question whether hell come is unknown. 3）doubt用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/ if引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用that引导名词性从句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接that引导的名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接whether/ if引导的名词性从句。 e.g：We doubt whether/ if he can win the game.  各从句的使用及注意事项 主语从句： 1.充当主语的句子即主语从句。（That he will come） is certain.（Which team will win the match） is a matter of public concern. 2.名从的数： 1）用一个句子做主语时谓语动词用单数： e.g: What you said ____ always right. 2) 主语连接的是两个或者两个以上的从句时，谓语动词用复数 e.g：What we will start and where we will go ___(have) not decided yet. 3）主语连接的是两个或两个以上的连接词时，谓语动词用单数。 e.g：When and where we will go ___ (have) not decided yet. 3.形式主语： 主语较长时，多在句子的后面，用it为形式主语。主要是：　　It + be + adj + that 　　e.g：It is probable that he told her everything.　　It + be + n + that 　　It is no surprise that our team should have won the game.　　It + be + p.p + that 　　It is said that Jack drives badly.　　It + seem/happen + that 　　It seems that Alice is not coming to the party.  　☆：主语从句that不能省略。只可用whether不用if。 （二）表语从句　　1,表语从句放在系动词之后 2,系动词：be动词，感动词，表动词 The truth is （that I have never been there.）　　 It looks （as if it were going to rain.） 3