黎蒴菌根化育苗技术研究.docVIP

黎蒴菌根化育苗技术研究 何立平 张 谦 曾令海 （广东省林业科学研究院 广州 510520） 摘要：黎蒴栽培生根难已成为限制黎蒴推广应用的重要因素之一。选用3种菌根菌进行黎蒴幼苗根系接种试验，结果发现试验所用菌根菌均有较高的感染效率，其感染能显著增加黎蒴根系须根数量和地下生物量。其中彩色豆马勃GZ01菌株的感染率高达100％，诱导黎蒴根系须根数量增加350％，地下生物量增加125％，是黎蒴菌根化育苗的最适宜菌株；另外，增加泥炭土比率以及多施肥多浇水能显著提高菌株的感染率，可分别提高25%和30%，黎蒴根系须根数量增加33%和66.7%，提升黎蒴菌根化育苗效果。 关键词：黎蒴 菌根 接种效果 Seedling Cultivation using Mycorrhizal fungus for Castanopsis fissa He Liping Zhang qian Zeng linghai (Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520) ABSTRACT：The difficulty in rooting has become one of important factors restricting the extension and application of Castanopsis fissa. Three mycorrhizal fungi were used to inoculate the root system of C. fissa to reveal feasibility and the key techniques of its seedling cultivation using mycorrhizal fungus. All mycorrhizal treatments showed high inoculation rate on C. fissa and the inoculation induced an increase in hair roots and underground biomass. Of these three isolates, GZ01 had 100% of inoculation rate, and increased the hair root number by 350 %, and underground biomass by 125%. This isolate was considered highly suitable to produce the mycorrhizal seedlings of C. fissa using mycorhiza. Additionally, increasing peat content, fertilization and irrigation dramatically promoted the inoculation rate by 25% and 30% respectively, the hair-root number by 33% and 66.7% respectively. The efficiency of mycorrhization cultivation for C. fissa seedlings was improved. Key Words: Castanopsis fissa mycorrhiza inoculation effectiveness 黎蒴（Castanopsis fissa Rehd.et Wils）又名闽粤栲, 主要分布在亚洲东南部，中、南亚热带交界线北纬26°以南地区，在我国主要分布在广东、广西、海南、福建等地〔1〕，是华南地区优良的乡土阔叶树种，具有较高的开发利用价值，已成为主要的短轮伐期商品纤维原料用材树种[2,3]。与松树、桉树、相思等主要造林树种相比，黎蒴大面积人工造林还很困难，主要原因是黎蒴在植苗造林前期生长慢、成活率低、生长参差不齐、林相不佳；在造林当年高温干旱的夏秋季，幼苗难于成活，需要采用侧光庇荫的办法来让小苗成长，大面积造林可操作性不高。近年来，广东省林业科学研究院黎蒴良种选育与栽培技术研究课题组调查和收集了广东省黎蒴天然分布区的黎蒴生物学特性和育苗、造林状况，发现黎蒴的苗期生长与苗木的根系状况有较高的相关性。黎蒴在苗期只有一条长主根，侧须根不多，造林后，由于根系不发达，加之叶片大，蒸发强度高，在高温干旱季不易成活。因此，黎蒴的大面积推广种植必须突破黎蒴造林苗期相应的技术难点[3]。 菌根技术是上世纪90年代以来生