高中英语语法入门词类和句子成分.doc

词类及句子成分 词类 ? ? 实 词 ? ? 名称 用途 例词 句法作用 名词 n.(noun) 表示人或事物的名称 boy, book, table, man 主、表、宾、补、定、同 代词pron.(pronoun) 代替名词、形容词或数词 I, you, it, we, their 主、宾、表、补、定、同 数词num.(numeral) 表示数目或顺序 one, two, twenty, third, fifth 主、表、宾、定、同 动词 v.(verb) 表示动作或状态 work, study, 谓语动词：谓 interesting, injured 非谓语动词：主、表、宾、补、定、状 形容词adj.(adjective) 修饰名词，表示人、物的性质或特征 red, long, old, good 表、补、定、补 副词 adv.(adverb) 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示动作特征或性状特征 here, very, often, pretty, frequently 表、状 ? 虚 词 冠词 art.(article) 表示名词的泛指或特指 a (an), the 用在名词前帮助说明该名词的含义 介词prep.(preposition) 表示名词、代词等与其它词的关系 in, after, under, on 常与名词或与之相当的词构成介词短语 连词conj.(conjunction) 连接词与词、短语和短语、句子和句子 and, if, but, because 连接词与词、短语与短语、或句与句的作用 感叹词interj.(interjection) 表示说话时的感情或口气 oh, ah, um, ouch ?表示说话时产生的情绪 根据对词类概念的理解，指出下面单词的词： deep 2. finger 3. fly 4. delicious 5. through first 7. here 8. but 9. ah 10. they 根据常见的后缀辨别下列单词的词性1. scientist 2. conversation　 beautiful 4. loudly 5. famous　 government 7. lively 8.safety?　traditional 10. illness? 判断下列句子中划线单词的词性 1. Mary dances well. 2. His father is reading. 3. Nothing can live without water. 4. Mr. Green works in a university. 5. I have had this pen for two years. 6.You may keep this dictionary for two weeks. 知识点应用： 结合所学词类的相关知识，分析空格部分所缺词性。 food B. because C. regularly D. asleep E. improve F. change G. preventing H. stop I. enough J. maintain K. keeping There are many things you can do to ___1___ your memory, such as using various memorizing methods as well as taking special care of your health. It is important that you ___2___ stimulate your brain to make your memory more efficient. For example, you can do activities that you do not usually do and ___3___ your daily habits. Learning a new skill helps your brain develop. When trying to memorize something, you should focus your attention and concentrate on the most important things about it. Do not allow other thoughts to enter your mind ___4___ this wi