精选资料ICU的镇静与镇痛及其相关问题（昆明培训班稿件）课件.pptVIP

二、什么是新型职业农民 （一）基本表述 传统农业向现代农业转型，必然要求传统农民向新型职业农民转变。从我国农村基本经营制度和农业生产经营现状及发展趋势看，新型职业农民是指以农业为职业、具有一定的专业技能、收入主要来自农业的现代农业从业者。 二、什么是新型职业农民 （二）主要类型 ◎生产经营型：专业大户、家庭农场主 ◎专业技能型：农业工人、农业雇员等 ◎社会服务型：农村信息员、农产品经纪人、跨区作业农机手、统防统治植保员、村级动物防疫员等农业社会化服务人员 * To prevent anxiety is essential... * All these factors lead to anxiety... * It is difficult in the seriously ill patient to find out what is causing discomfort. After discharge from the ICU, members of the medical profession have written about their experiences and in a few studies patients have been interviewed. However, accurate recollections of a period of intensive care are often impaired by the severity of illness. Furthermore, some drugs, particulary benzodiazepines, interfere with memory. Bion interviewed 60 patients from an intensive care unit. Of those who received rnidazolam during the intensive care 90% had an impaired memory of events. Asbury also reported that 25% of patients had no memory at all for their period of intensive care and those who did only tended to remember the later part of their intensive care stay usually when less benzodiazepine is given. Despite this, when Bion interviewed patients he had treated, he found the following incidence of unpleasant memories ... It is of note that thirst was prominent among these patients. The ICU unit where Bion did this study (in common with many others) uses morphine in many of its patients. White and his colleaguess have shown that morphine causes a dry mouth in patients with chronic pain. It is possible that thirst is not only caused by abnormalities in fluid and electrolyte balance, but is a feature of the treatment. * In a further study Wallace, Bion and Ledingham noted that 33% of patients found their ICU unit stay a pleasant experience with a further 45% finding it tolerable. Of more concern is the 8% who found it unpleasant and the 3% who were terrified ; interestingly 11% had no opinion at all. * To prevent anxiety is essential... * Concerning pain and