必修四022.docVIP

必修Ⅳ Unit 1 Grammar 主谓一致 时间：2010-5-13 编号：022 英语句子要求谓语动词在人称和数上与主语保持一致。 主谓一致在单项选择的命题中经常放在时态和语态中考察，考察的热点经常是主语有介词或介词短语修饰时的谓语形式，就近一致原则，定语从句的主谓一致，特殊名词作主语时的主谓一致性问题等。 一、语法一致原则 代词each 和由every, some, no, any 等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each, every，谓语动词需用单数形式。如： Each of us has a tape-recorder. There is something wrong with my watch. 当主语是一本书或一条格言时，以“-s”结尾的专有名词（如人名、国家、组织、书名、报刊、剧名、学科名词等）看作是整体名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如： The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 表示金钱、时间、价格、距离或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看做一个整体，谓语一般用单数。如： Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. Ten yuan is enough. 主语是动名词、不定式或从句时做单数看待，谓语动词用单数。如： What he said sounds reasonable. 关系代词who, that, which 等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数保持一致。如： He is one of the students who were praised at the meeting. 二、就近原则 当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。如： There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 当either…or…与neither…nor…, not only… but also…, not … but…连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如： Either you or she is to go. 三、意义上一致 1. 在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定，谓语动词的单复数与所指代的词的单复数保持一致。如： All is right. 一切顺利。 All are present. 所有人都到齐了。 2. 集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee 等词用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示整个集体。如： His family isn’t very large. 他家不是一个大家庭。 His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者。 但集合名词people, police, cattle等在任何情况下都用复数形式。如： Are there any police around? 四、注意事项 1. 由and连接的并列主语，谓语动词多用复数。And连接的并列主语前分别有no, each, every 修饰时，主语表示抽象整体概念或表示一个单一的概念时，谓语动词则要用单数。如： No boy and no girl likes it. 2. 主语后面跟有as well as, together with, as much as, along with, no less than, with, like, rather than, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等词时，谓语动词则与这些词或短语前的主语保持一致。如： The father, rather than the children, is responsible for the accident. 3. 在一些短语，如many a 或more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than… of…作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。如： Many a person has read the n