Chemical Examinaton of Urine尿液化学检验.pptVIP

CLS 426 Urine Body Fluid Analysis; Student Lab Rotation: Chemical Exam of Urine Chemical Examination of Urine Ricki Otten MT(ASCP)SC uotten@unmc.edu Objectives: Review the objectives on page 1 and 2 of the lecture handout Objectives marked with ‘*’ will not be tested over during student lab rotation Historical Perspective: Urinalysis Physical examination of urine Odor Taste Color Clarity Historical Perspective Chemical examination of urine Limited reactions Required large volumes of urine Large volumes of reagent Performed in test tubes Time consuming and cumbersome Clinical usefulness was not realized Not routinely ordered Historical Perspective Microscopic examination of urine Not until invention of the microscope Then clinical usefulness realized Reagent Strip Testing Technology and necessity Chemical reactions ‘miniaturized’ Required less urine Test results within minutes Easy to perform Increased test utilization Reagent Strip Testing Ideal qualitative screening tool Sensitive: Low concentration of substances Negative result = normal Specific: Reacts with only one substance False negative and false positive Cost effective: Relatively inexpensive tool that provides information about the health status of the patient Reagent Strip Testing Chemically impregnated absorbent pads attached to an inert plastic strip Each pad is a specific chemical reaction that takes place upon contact with urine Chemical reaction causes the color of the pad to change Color compared to a color chart for interpretation Reagent Strip Testing Qualitative or semi-quantitative results Concentration units (mg/dl) Negative, small, moderate large Negative, 1+, 2+, 3+, 4+ Timing of chemical reactions is CRITICAL Shortest time requirement on one end of strip: 30 sec Longest time requirement on the other: 2 min Reagent Strip Testing Principle of chemical reactions False negative reactions False positive reactions Color interferences Alternative testin