Conentration in Solution在溶液中的浓度.pptVIP

Concentration in Solution Concentrated vs. Dilute Strong tea vs. weak tea Strong tea has a high concentration of tea dissolved in water; weak tea has a low concentration of tea dissolved in water. We call the first “concentrated”, and the second “dilute” Scientists (i.e. you!) don’t use “strong” and “weak” – use “concentrated” and “dilute” Mass Percent Most common way to express concentration outside of science class is mass percent. It is the mass of solute per mass of solution or Example: A 100 g of 70 % isopropyl alcohol solution. How many grams of isopropyl alcohol do we have? Parts per Million and Parts per Billion ppm = Molarity (M) Molarity is a way to express the concentration of moles solute per liter of solution: 2 Types of Molarity Problems There are two kinds of Molarity Problems: 1.) calculate molarity, given a mass and volume 2.) calculate the mass of solute needed for a specific molarity, given molarity and volume Both of these require that you be able to manipulate this equation: Molarity = Molarity Problems: Type 1 What is the molarity of a potassium chloride solution that has a volume of 400. mL and contains 85.0 g of KCl? You’re given a volume and mass but you need moles – you have to convert from grams to moles. But!!! You can use the “mole conversion sheet and cancel units to solve quickly and in one step. Molarity Problems: Type 2 How many grams of Na2S2O3 are needed to make 100.0 mL of a 0.250M solution? You’re given a volume and a molarity and must solve backwards for moles solute, then convert moles to mass using the molar mass of Na2S2O3. Determining Concentration Evaporation Method vs Spectrophotometry Evaporation Method Volume of Solution _________ Mass of Flask _________ Mass of Flask + Solution _________ Mass of Flask + Solute __________ Dilution When diluting a stock solution use the formula: M1V1 = M2V2 M1 - original molarity V1 - volume of the original solution M2 – new molarity V2 – new volume (in wha