Critical Thinking St Fancis Xavier University批判性思维圣弗兰西斯萨维尔大学.pptVIP

Sum Ergo Cogito _ I Am Therefore I Think (paraphrase of Descartes) Why is it important to be a critical thinker? Accelerating change Intensifying complexity Escalating interdependence Increasing danger The overview THE STANDARDS must be applied to THE ELEMENTS As we learn to develop INTELLECTUAL TRAITS The StandardsAll thinking must be assessed for quality using universal intellectual standards Clarity Accuracy Precision Relevance Depth Breadth Logic The ElementsAll thinking can be analyzed by identifying its eight elements We think for a Purpose, Goal, Objectives Within a Point of View Based on Assumptions Leading to Implications Consequences We use Information (data, evidence, facts, experiences To make Inferences Judgements Based on Concepts Theories To answer a question or solve a problem NICK - You Challenge my Assumptions He dances, skis, swims, bikes, loves, and makes us laugh An Example – Genetically Modified Foods Purpose – to investigate the health risks of GM foods. Point of View - That the sale of GM foods should be banned until the long-term impacts on humans and animals can be determined. Assumptions – There are environmental hazards, human health risks and economic concerns with GMF. Implication Consequences – GMF could affect our immune systems, result in mono-crops, increase the level of allerginecity Evidence, Data – Council of Canadians, Sierra Club of Canada, Cornell University, Iowa State University, Greenpeace) Inferences Interpretations – The growth of GM crops should be halted until all of the risks have been identified and dealt with. Concepts Theories - That corporations are more interested in profits than the long-term effects of GMFs. Question – What are the human, health, economic, and ecological ramifications of GMFs? The TraitsThe ultimate goal of critical thinking is to foster the development of intellectual traits and dispositions Fair-mindedness Intellectual humility Intellectual courage Intellectual autonom