KLYSTRON SMALLSINAL GAINBANDWIDTH …速调管的小信号增益带宽….docVIP

4. Klystron small-signal gain-bandwidth calculations In the previous sections, we developed most of the fundamental theory necessary to make the formulae used in practical klystron design credible and to help in applying them correctly. These dealt with electron bunching in the beam and in the interaction between beam and circuit, and were largely on small-signal approximations. In this section and those that follow, we will describe the use of the theory in practice and illustrate it with numerical examples and with the design of practical klystrons. The classic klystron circuit, with which a pencil beam interacts, is a direct descendant of the Hansen “rhumbatron” and consists of a cylindrical cavity operating in the TM01 mode, providing an axial field in the direction of the beam traversing the cavity. In order to concentrate the electric field and enhance coupling to the beam, the two drift tubes are usually (but not always) reentrant. More complex interaction circuits are in use supporting multiple modes in the axial direction (extended interaction) or in a transverse direction (sheet beam klystrons), or both. These will require special treatment. For the time being, we will analyze the performance of multicavity klystrons employing simple cylindrical cavities. A klystron cavity can be usually treated as single-tuned resonant circuit consisting of a parallel combination of a capacitance, an inductance and a resistance across the interaction gap, and driven by the rf current in the beam. It is driven by a “constant current generator”, producing the fundamental component I1 a beam that has been bunched by preceding cavities. This current produces a voltage V across the gap. If I1 is high enough, and V comparable or higher than the beam voltage V0, power will be extracted from the beam Such a circuit is fully determined by its resonant frequency, the total Q, and the “R/Q.” The figure below, displays the circuit elements. Fig. 4-1 Equivalent klystron outpu