Lecture 24 Degenerate Fermi Gas (Ch 7 Department of 讲座24退化的费米气体系.pptVIP

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Lecture 24 Degenerate Fermi Gas (Ch 7 Department of 讲座24退化的费米气体系.ppt

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Lecture 24 Degenerate Fermi Gas (Ch 7 Department of 讲座24退化的费米气体系

Lecture 24. Degenerate Fermi Gas (Ch. 7) Degenerate Fermi Gas in Metals The Fermi Energy The Fermi Gas of Nucleons in a Nucleus The Fermi Momentum Problem (Final 2005) Problem (Final 2005, cont.) The Heat Capacity of a Cold Fermi Gas The Heat Capacity of a Cold Fermi Gas (cont.) Experimental Results Pressure of the Fermi Gas Fermi Pressure in the Universe Star Evolution White dwarfs Neutron Stars [ M=(1.4-3)M? ] * We will consider the gas of fermions in the degenerate regime, where the density n exceeds by far the quantum density nQ, or, in terms of energies, where the Fermi energy exceeds by far the temperature. We have seen that for such a gas ? is positive, and we’ll confine our attention to the limit in which ? is close to its T=0 value, the Fermi energy EF. kBT/EF 1 1 ? / EF The most important degenerate Fermi gas is the electron gas in metals and in white dwarf stars. Another case is the neutron star, whose density is so high that the neutron gas is degenerate. T =0 ~ kBT (with respect to EF) occupancy electron states in an isolated atom ? valence band conduction band electron states in metal empty states EF 0 We consider the mobile electrons in the conduction band which can participate in the charge transport. The energy is measured from the bottom of the conduction band. When the metal atoms are brought together, their outer electrons break away and can move freely through the solid. In good metals with the concentration ~ 1 electron/ion, the density of electrons in the conduction band n ~ 1 electron per (0.2 nm)3 ~ 1029 electrons/m3 . The electrons are prevented from escaping from the metal by the net Coulomb attraction to the positive ions; the energy required for an electron to escape (the work function) is typically a few eV. The model assumes that the electrons for an ideal Fermi gas confined within impenetrable walls. Why can we treat this dense gas as ideal? Indeed, the Coulomb interactions between electrons at this density must be extremely st