Lecture 7 Multilayer photonic tructures讲座7多层光子结构.docVIP

Lecture 7. Multilayer photonic structures. In this Lecture we shall present the transfer matrix method allowing to solve Maxwell equations in multilayer dielectric structures. We shall consider an example of a periodical structure (Bragg mirror) and derive general equations for photonic eigen-modes in planar structures. In the beginning we consider propagation of light in the normal to layer planes direction. Then, the oblique incidence of light will be considered. We shall generalize the transfer matrix approach for TE and TM linear polarizations of light. By definition, TE-polarized (also referred to as s-polarized) light has the electric field vector parallel to the layer planes, TM-polarized light (also referred to as p-polarized) has the magnetic field vector parallel to the planes (see Figure 7.1). Figure 7.1 Orientation of electric and magnetic fields in TE- and TM-polarized incident on a planar boundary. What happens to the electromagnetic field at the planar interface between two dielectric media with different refractive indices? The answer can be found by resolving the system of Maxwell equations independently in the two media and then matching of the solutions for electric and magnetic fields by the Maxwell boundary conditions at the interface. These conditions require continuity of the tangential components of both fields. They can be microscopically justified for any abrupt interface in the absence of free charges and free currents. Consider a transverse light-wave propagating along the z-direction in a medium characterised by a refractive index n that is homogeneous in the xy plane but possibly z-dependent. The wave equation in this case becomes: , (7.1) where is the wave-vector of light in a vacuum. The general form of the solution of Eq. (7.1) writes: . (7.2) where , , are coefficients. Using the Maxwell equation one can easily obtain the general form of the magn