Measuring Biological Diversity olumbia University in the City 测量生物多样性在市的哥伦比亚大学.ppt

Alpha Diversity Indices James A. Danoff-Burg Dept. Ecol., Evol., Envir. Biol. Columbia University Alpha Diversity Indices Q-Statistic Intro to Alpha Diversity Indices Simpson McIntosh Berger-Parker Shannon-Wiener Brillouin Jack-Knifing Diversity Indices Pielou’s Hierarchical Diversity Index Diversity of Diversities Difference between the diversities is usually one of relative emphasis of two main envir. aspects Two key features Richness Abundance – our emphasis today Each index differs in the mathematical method of relating these features One is often given greater prominence than the other Formulae significantly differ between indices Diversity Levels Progress from local to regional levels Point: diversity at a single point or microenvironment Our emphasis thus far Alpha: within habitat diversity Usually consists of several subsamples in a habitat Beta: species diversity along transects gradients High Beta indicates number of spp increases rapidly with additional sampling sites along the gradient Gamma: diversity of a larger geographical unit (island) Epsilon: regional diversity Q Statistic Introduction A bridge between the abundance models diversity indices Does not involve fitting a model as in the abundance models Provides an indication of community diversity No weighting towards very abundant or rare species They are excluded from the analysis Whittaker (1972) created earlier analysis including these Thereby more influenced by the few rare / abundant species Proposed by Kempton Taylor (1976) Q Statistic Visually Measures “inter-quartile slope” on the cumulative species abundance curve Q Statistic Relationship to other indices Similar to the a value in the log series model Q = (0.371)(S*) / s Biases in Q May be biased in small samples Because we are including more of the rare and abundant species in the calculation Calculating Q- Worked Example #6 Assemble table with 3 columns # Individuals, # Species, Summed # species Determine R1 and R2 R1 should be or