Physics 212 – lecture 4 Eletric Flux and Gauss’s Law212–物理学讲座4电通量，高斯定律.pptVIP

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Physics 212 – lecture 4 Eletric Flux and Gauss’s Law212–物理学讲座4电通量，高斯定律.ppt

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Physics 212 – lecture 4 Eletric Flux and Gauss’s Law212–物理学讲座4电通量，高斯定律

Physics 108 – Lecture 24: Faraday’s Law, Motors, Generators, and Transformers Example (Faraday’s Law): An electric light generator on a bicycle has a wire with 150 turns and a cross-sectional area of 0.0002m2. At 20mph the wires turn rotate about 200 times per second. The magnet surrounding the coil has a strength of 2000 Gauss. What is the voltage generated in the circuit to power the light bulb? Example (Transformers): A portable tabletop radio often requires about 12V. If a transformer with 800 turns on the primary side is used when plugging into the wall, how many turns should be on the secondary side? Note: this problem is a bit simplified because the radio must also rectify the AC wall current to DC current. * Magnetic Flux Magnetic flux represents how closely together magnetic field lines are packed. Magnetic flux is higher for stronger magnetic fields. Strong magnet=more lines. Equation for magnetic flux through an area: ? is angle between magnetic field B and the direction A faces ? = 0 degrees: head-on and cos ? = 1. All goes through. ? = 90 degrees: edge-on and cos ? = 0. None goes through Diagram B A Faraday was able to successfully relate how magnetic fields affect electric circuits. Faraday’s law of induction relates the voltage created in a circuit due to changes in the magnetic field. Faraday’s law of induction is as follows: Faraday’s Law E = voltage induced in circuit with changing B through it N = number of loops in circuit ?? = change in magnetic flux passing through circuit loops ?t = time during which the magnetic flux changes How does this work? 1. Put current in loop 1 2. Current makes B field that goes through loop 2 3. Changing B in loop 2 induces current to counteract changing B Given??????? Path???????????? ?? Want????? Conversions/Equations Electric DC Motors and AC Generators Faraday’s law can be used to explain how electric motors and generators work. Electric DC motors and AC generators have three basic c