Point Pttern Analysis点格局分析.ppt

* * * * * * Why is this important? Briggs Henan University 2010 * ? Is it clustered? We can measure and test --not just look and guess! That is science. Not just GIS! I taught these tools to senior undergraduate geography students. They are also used in Earth Management. A former Henan University student and faculty member (now at UT-Dallas) is using Ripley’s K function for research on urban forests. Briggs Henan University 2010 * Next Time No classes next week Next class will be Wednesday November 17 Topic Spatial Autocorrelation Unlike PPA, in Spatial Autocorrelation points have different magnitudes; there is an attribute variable. Briggs Henan University 2010 * Briggs Henan University 2010 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Point Pattern Analysis using Spatial Inferential Statistics Briggs Henan University 2010 * Last time Concept of statistical inference Drawing conclusions about populations from samples Null Hypothesis of no difference Alternative hypotheses (which we really want to accept) Random point pattern Is our observed point pattern “significantly different from random” Briggs Henan University 2010 * From Centrographic Statistics (previously): Centrographic Statistics calculates single, summary measures PPA analyses the complete set of points From Spatial Autocorrelation (discussed later): with PPA, the points have location only; there is no “magnitude” value With Spatial Autocorrelation points have different magnitudes; there is an attribute variable. How Point Pattern Analysis (PPA) is different Briggs Henan University 2010 * Two primary approaches: Point Density using Quadrat Analysis Based on polygons Analyze points using polygons! Uses the frequency distribution or density of points within a set of grid squares. Point Association using Nearest Neighbor Analysis Based on points Uses distances between the points Although the above would suggest that the first approach examines first ord