Proteins Many Structures, Many Functions蛋白多构，多功能.pptVIP

Proteins - Many Structures, Many Functions A polypeptide is a polymer of amino acids connected to a specific sequence 2. A protein’s function depends on its specific conformation Protein Objectives Distinguish proteins from the other classes of macromolecules and list the biological functions which members of this class perform List and be able to recognize the four major components of a typical amino acid and explain how amino acids may be grouped according to the nature of their side chain Identify a peptide bond and describe how it is formedExplain what determines protein conformation and why it is important Name the four levels of protein structure and briefly describe from what aspect of protein structure each is derived Define denaturation and explain how proteins may be denatured Introduction Proteins are instrumental in about everything that an organism does. structural support, storage transport of other substances intercellular signaling movement defense against foreign substances Proteins are the main enzymes in a cell and regulate metabolism by selectively accelerating chemical reactions. Humans have tens of thousands of different proteins, each with their own structure and function. Proteins are the most structurally complex molecules known. Each type of protein has a complex three-dimensional shape or conformation. All protein polymers are constructed from the same set of 20 monomers, called amino acids. Polymers of proteins are called polypeptides. A protein consists of one or more polypeptides folded and coiled into a specific conformation 1. A polypeptide is a polymer of amino acids connected in a specific sequence Amino acids consist of four components attached to a central carbon, the alpha carbon. These components include a hydrogen atom, a carboxyl group, an amino group, and a variable R group (or side chain). Differences in R groups produce the 20 different amino acids. The twenty different R groups may be as simpl