Replcing HighBleed Pneumatic Devices EPA更换高引气动装置 EPA.pptVIP

Replacing High-Bleed Pneumatic Devices Lessons Learned from Natural Gas STAR Partners NiSource and EPA’s Natural Gas STAR Program June 3, 2003 Pneumatic Devices Pneumatic devices are found in every gas production, processing, transmission and distribution facility Most pneumatic devices leak gas by design Losses from pneumatic devices are the largest source of methane emissions Replacing, retrofitting, or maintaining high-bleed devices saves gas and money These methods can be highly cost-effective Location of Pneumatic Devices at Compression Stations Pneumatic Device Schematic Sources of Methane Losses As part of normal operations, pneumatic devices release natural gas into the atmosphere High-bleed devices bleed in excess of 6 scf per hour Equates to 50 Mcf per year Typical high-bleed pneumatic devices bleed an average of 140 Mcf per year The actual bleed rate is largely dependent on the device’s design Magnitude of Methane Losses Major source of methane losses from the natural gas industry Pneumatic devices are used throughout the natural gas industry Between 90,000 to 130,000 in the transmission sector Over 250,000 in the production sector In the distribution sector most pneumatic devices are non-bleeding pressure regulators Losses from Pneumatic Devices Gas Industry Oil Industry Production 31 Bcf 22 Bcf Processing 16 Transmission 14 Total 61 Bcf 22 Bcf Total Gas/Oil 83 Bcf/yr Three Options for Reducing Losses Option 1: Replace high-bleed devices with low-bleed devices Option 2: Retrofit controller with bleed reduction kits Option 3: Maintenance aimed at reducing losses Option 1: Replace High-Bleed Devices Most applicable to: Controllers: liquid-level and pressure Positioners and Transducers Suggested Action: Evaluate replacements Replace at end of device’s useful life Early replacement Option 1: Replace High-Bleed (cont’d) Costs vary with size Typical costs range from $