The singleparticle propagtor revisited, Chapter 9, appendix BG单粒子传播的重新访问，9章，附录B G.pptVIP

The single-particle propagator re-visited,Chapter 9, appendix B-G Single-particle Green’s function propagator Systematic method for drawing diagrams in the Goldstone and Feynman prescriptions Examples Spectral density function Conclusions Single-particle Green’s function propagator Systematic method for drawing diagrams in the Goldstone and Feynman prescriptions Non-interacting fermions …Goldstone and Feynman prescriptions, Non-interacting fermions … Goldstone and Feynman prescriptions,Interacting fermions (second order) Diagram rules for single-particle propagator, table 9.1 Examples Examples Spectral density function Conclusions We have defined the single-particle Green’ function using the occupation number formalism We have discussed method to draw systematically n-th order graphs We have seen that the Feynman prescription save much work in drawing n-th order graphs and in the evaluation process. We need to use G(k,ω)= G+(k,ω)+ G_(k,ω) * * Mathematical expression for single-particle Green’s function propagator: is the exact normalized wave function for the interacting N-particle system, and T{.} is the time order operator defined as , (Heisenberg picture) T {A(t1)B(t2) ...} = (-1)P x operators rearranged so that time decreases from left to right (assuming no two times are equal), = (-1)P x operators rearranged so all c+’s stand to the left of the c’s for the case of equal times. Examples: The minus sign in Gˉ agrees with (4.29) k2 k1 + ... ≡ ≡ ≡ particle line hole line = + + + + + + + + …for translation see table 4.2 k2 k1 = + + + +… No hole or particle lines, arrows indicate direction of momentum flow Use Feynman propagator: iG0(q,t’2-t’1) t’2 t’1 q Time order has no significance: ≡ k k k … Feynman prescription Goldstone prescription … equivalent See figs. 9.33-35 k, ω k, ω or = = k, ω or = k, ω k, ω k l m n q, ε = Fermion loop = -1 Each intermediate frequency ω: Each intermediate momentum, k: t1 t t’ t2 q