国际贸易实务程Ch.3 Shipment.ppt

  §1 Modes of Transport Ocean transport 3/4 of the trade among nations is transported by water. Features of ocean transport: Relatively economical mode of transport for bulky and heavy goods. A safe mode of transport with respect to occurrence of accidents. The cost of maintaining and constructing routes is very low as most of them are naturally made. Slow, vulnerable to bad weather and less punctual if compared with road or air transport. Liner transport The transport of cargoes from one seaport to another along regular maritime routes according to a schedule. Liner rates usually include the stevedoring charges for loading and unloading. Freight is charged according to the tariff (运费表) — a schedule of shipping rates charged, together with governing rules and regulations. Two parts: basic freight rates and surcharges.  ① Standards of collecting basic freight rates  Weight: For items marked with “W” in the tariff, per metric ton on weight. This method is called weight ton (运费吨). Measurement: For items marked with “M” in the tariff, per cubic meter on measurement. This method is usually called measurement ton (尺码吨). Weight or measurement: For items marked with “W/M” in the tariff, the freight is to be calculated on either weight or measurement, whichever is greater.  Ad Val.: For items marked with “Ad Val., the freight is to be calculated on the price or value of the cargo. W/M or Ad val.: For items marked “W/M or Ad val.” in the tariff, the highest rate is adopted. ② Surcharges: bunker adjustment factor (燃油附加费), port surcharges, transshipment surcharges, heavy lift and long length additional. Company A exports 100 cases of Good X to London. The volume and gross weight per case are 40cm×30cm×20cm and 30kg respectively. Good X is classified as Class 10 and the freight for Class 10 is calculated on W/M. The tariff (China—London) shows that the basic freight rate for Class 10 is US$222, with 10% port surcharges. How