第七章常见工程地质问题工地质双语备课笔记.doc

Chapter 7 The main engineering geology problems in civil engineering ?5-1 The erosion of river * What is river erosion Which mean the damage to the river bed or river bank, the river erosion is the most active,vigorous factor to the change of topography. No river erosion, no complicated surface. * The river erosion’s type Which can be devided into side erosive and cut erosion . Cut erosion (下蚀) →means that the moving water and its materials carried by water have motive power that makes river bed deepened continuously.Cut erosion are usually obvious in upstream of river. In bridge engineering, the location of foundation must be considered carefully. That is the elevation of bottom surface of foundation must will be lower than the erosion line. Side erosion Side erosion are caused by traverse circulation of river. The results of side erosion is that river valley is broaden . The side erosion is obvious in middle or downstream of river. Preventing method: stone cage, changing of river route * River terrace. ?5-2 landslide 一.The definition of landslide The soil or rock body slide down along the fixed sliding surface on the action of gravity. The happening of landslide may cause the damage of building , endanger human life, also cause the artifical earthquake. 二.The feature of different part of landslide After the happing of landslide, topography will be changed somewhat, see figure Three-dimensional sketch (draft) of landslide. 三.The classification of landslide According to the difference of materials of sliding body ==soil land sliding ==rock land sliding(bedrock landslide) ==special landslides( frozen and thaw、collape slide) soil landslide ..cohesive soils landslides ..loess landslides .eluvial soils rock landslides according to the relation between geological structure and landlides | strata-bound strata-cutting Uniform-rock according to the mechanics condition