第三章 2012 王洪伟.ppt

School of Jet Propulsion Elemental fixed streamtube CV of variable area A(s), and length ds. When fluid flowing…What relations are there in gravity, velocity and pressure? Homework p3.158 p3.161 p3.164 p3.165 1-D Differential Momentum Equation Bernoulli equation 沿流线、定常、无粘、不可压 Bernoulli(1700~1782) For incompressible flow, ρ=const Integrate along streamline between 1 and 2 §3.7 Bernoulli Equation Is the Bernoulli equation a momentum equation ? An energy equation ! Pressure From Momentum change Gravity Kinetic energy Potential energy --Gravity Potential energy --Pressure Example 9: Find a relation between nozzle discharge velocity and tank free-surface height h. Assume steady frictionless flow. 1,2 maximum information is known or desired. V2 h 1 2 Solution: Bernoulli: Torricelli 1644 h 1 2 V2 Why ? Example 10: Find velocity at B 静压, 动压, 总压 h A B Pitot-static airspeed probe: V A B 静压, 动压, 总压 汽车开着窗户时，风向内吹还是向外吹？ 如何测量流体的静压？ ??？ Example 11: Estimate h1 required to keep the plate in a balance state. (Assume the flow is steady and frictionless.) By Bernoulli: For the left side: For the right side: Solution: by linear momentum equation by Bernoulli equation For CV Example 12: Find velocity in the Venturi tube. 1 2 Pressure transducer Application? Example 13: Fire hose, Q=1.5m3/min, Find the force on the bolts. (ρ=1000kg/m3) Solution: By continuity: By Bernoulli: By momentum : 1 1 2 2 Example 14: Find the aero-force on the blade cascade (叶栅). Solution: By continuity x y CV: ABCD By Bernoulli 叶片越弯，做功量越大 x y 1 1 2 2 First Laws of Thermodynamics Conservation of Energy §3.8 The Energy Equation 1 1 2 2 (Wall) If no energy exchange (绝能) , for gas: Problems Jet Engines Rockets Channels Pipes Chapter 3 Integral Relations for 1-D Steady Flows One Two dimensional Three Steady Unsteady Compressible Incompressible Viscous Inviscid “One dimensional steady ideal flow” Flow classification 一维定常流动 §3.1 Introduction Integral / Differential Approach Dete