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_人禽流感疫苗研发进展课件
Vaccines for Pandemic Influenza流感大流行疫苗储备株研究进展 Dong jie China NIC China CDC Family: Orthomyxoviridae(正粘病毒科) Three types: A, B, C SS negative-sense RNA viruses (单股副链RNA病毒) 8 (or 7) gene segments(8或7节段) Enveloped viruses (囊膜病毒) Influenza A Viruses Antigenic Drift(抗原漂变) Gradual alteration (by point mutation)of HA and/or NA within a subtype(渐变,点突变) – Inability of antibody (to previous strains)to neutralize mutant virus (以前病毒的抗体无法中和突变病毒) Occurs in both influenza A and B viruses (甲乙型流感病毒均可发生) Causes periodic epidemics(导致周期性的流感流行) Rate of occurrence: 1% per year at amino acid level(发生率每年1%) Antigenic Shift(抗原转换) Appearance in human population of a new subtype of influenza A viruses Containing a novel HA (with or without a novel NA) (含有新的HA伴随/不伴随新的NA) Immunologically different from isolates circulating previously (与以前流行的毒株免疫水平上的差异) Responsible for worldwide epidemics across age spectrum (=Pandemic) (引起世界范围的流感大流行) Reflects abrupt change: HA may differ by 50% from previous strains(与以前病毒相比有大于50%差异) Human infection with avian influenza viruses(~2004)人感染禽流感病毒情况 H5N1 influenza in animals other than poultry -2004除家禽以外感染H5N1的动物 Bird(禽类) -- Ducks and geese(鸭和鹅) -- Crows ,sparrows(乌鸦,麻雀) -- Peregrine falcon, eagle(猎鹰,鹰) Cats(猫科) -- Domestic cats(家猫) -- Tigers/leopard(虎/美洲豹) Pigs(猪) Man (人) Choice of Vaccines: Pros and Cons疫苗选择的优缺点 Vaccine against H5N1 viruses(H5N1病毒疫苗)1. HK97 strains 2. 2003-2004 H5N1 virus 3. 2005-2006 H5N1 viruses Vaccines against other subtypes (其它亚型流感病毒疫苗) Procedures of pandemic vaccine(疫苗研发流程) Development and evaluation of reference vaccine strain in laboratory. (疫苗实验室研发及评价) Clinical trails. (临床试验) General Approach to the Evaluation of Candidate Vaccine Viruses(疫苗候选株评价方法) Growth Characteristics of reassortant virus; plaque forming capability in CEF cells with or without trypsin(重配株的生长特性,空斑形成能力) Genotype and sequence of the HA and NA genes(HA,NA序列分
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