非谓语动词用法解析和高考题.docVIP

非谓语动词 一、 定义 非谓语动词从字面来说，即不能作谓语的动词。但是它的骨子里又透出动词的本性。 非谓语有三种形式to do 表示动作未完成 doing 表示动作正在进行 done 表示动作已完成。 二、特征 1、有自己的主语，和主语之间有主动和被动的关系。和句子的谓语有时间先后关系，可以产生完成式。 2、可以作很多句子成分，但就是不能单独作谓语，这就是它们被称为“非谓语动词”的原因。 三、充当成分 （一）句子基本成分 1．作主语：不定式，动名词。横线位置一般在最前面，谓语紧跟其后。 To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. Making mistake is human nature. To make mistake is human nature. 不定式跟动名词在这里的区别就是一次性发生和经常发生。 2．作表语：不定式，动名词。横线在be动词后； 例：To see is to believe. 3．作宾语：不定式，动名词。横线紧跟谓语后； I like to make mistake. The computer needs repairing。具体动词搭配不定式，动名词还是两者皆有，自己去背。 （二）句子修饰成分 3．定语：不定式，现在分词，过去分词。横线在名词后；和其修饰的名词存在逻辑主被动关系。 (2010四川卷4) A great number of students said they were forced to practise the piano. A. to question B. to be questioned C. questioned D. questioning the building to be built next year，不定式表示将来 The building being built now，现在分词表示进行 The building built last year/already，过去分词表示过去或者完成 done即表示完成，没有having done/having been done形式 4．作宾补：不定式，现在分词，过去分词。放在宾语后；和宾语存在主被动关系。 I asked him to cook meals. 即所有v. + sb. + to do里面的to do都是补语。 I found him smoking in the room.发现他主动抽烟，用现在分词。 I found the building completed 3 years ago. 发现房子被造好，用过去分词。 5．作状语：不定式，现在分词，过去分词，和句子主语存在主被动关系。 1）伴随状语 He stood there, surrounded by people。 He stood there, listening. 动作主动被动决定用现在分词还是过去分词 With + n. + doing/done/to do，主动/被动/将来 2）目的，原因，结果状语：不定式 例：I come here so as to/in order to/to see you. 目的 I am glad to see you. 原因 Only to do 结果 3)．分词前置作状语，及完成式，完成被动式。 例：Having no relatives, she had to make her won living. 现在分词一般式表示主动 = Because she had no relatives, … Surrounded by many people, he couldn’t get out of the room. 过去分词一般式表示被动 = Because he was surrounded by … Having done this many times before, he finished it in seconds. 现在分词主动完成式表示主动完成 = Because he had done it many times … Having been taught many times before, he finished it in seconds. 现在分词被动完成式表示被动 = Because he had been taught many times before, … 其他：考查“(be +) 过去分词+介词”结构 有一类“be+过去分词+介词”结构，如be interested in, be worried about, be lost in, be dressed i