杭州西湖水蕨种群生境特征和群落基本结构.docVIP

杭州西湖水蕨种群生境特征和群落基本结构 摘要：采用样方调查和α-多样性指数分析法研究了杭州西湖水蕨（Ceratopteris thalictroides）种群的生境特征和群落基本结构。结果表明，水蕨生长在浅水沟中，种群面积25～30 m2，植株数约15株，频度约53%，盖度1%左右，为小种群。与水蕨相伴生的物种主要有5科6属7种。水蕨群落的群丛名为千金子-空心莲子草，其群丛类型为湿生类。α-多样性指数分析结果显示，水蕨群落辛普森指数（D）、香农威纳指数（H′）和Pielou均匀度指数（J）分别为0.733 0、1.465 0和0.910 3。相关性分析表明，水蕨与莎草之间呈显著负相关（r=-0.529 7），千金子与莎草之间呈显著正相关（r=0.814 9），其他物种之间没有相关性。茶园管理和旅游等人类干扰是导致水蕨濒危的重要原因。建立保护点和迁地保护是保护该水蕨种群的有效措施。关键词：水蕨（Ceratopteris thalictroides）；濒危；生境特征；群落特征；西湖中图分类号：Q948 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2012）23-5381-03Habitat Characteristics and Community Structure of Ceratopteris thalictroides atWest Lake in HangzhouDONG Yuan-huo（College of Life Sciences， Jianghan University， Wuhan 430056， China）Abstract： Habit characteristics and population characteristics of the endangered aquatic fern Ceratopteris thalictroides at West Lake in Hangzhou， China were surveyed using methods of sample and α-diversity index. The results showed that C. pteridoides at West Lake was found in ditch. The population area of C. pteridoides was 25～30 m2， and the frequency and coverage was 53% and 1%， respectively. It was small population， as the population size was about 15 individuals. It was found that in 2009， there were 7 plant species belonging to 5 families and 6 genera in the community， among which Leptochloa chinensis， Alternanthera philoxeroides， Cyperus microiria， and Rorippa indica were dominant species. The vegetation was called Leptochloa chinensis-Alternanthera philoxeroides Ass. α-diversity index analysis revealed that Shannon-Wiener diversity index（D）， Simpson index （H′）， and Evenness index （J） was 0.7330， 1.4650， and 0.9103， respectively， indicating low levels of species diversity at the C. thalictroides community. Correlation analysis indicated that there was a significant negative correlation between C. thalictroides and Cyperus microiria（r=-0.5297，P=0.0471Key words： Ceratopteris thalictroides； endanger； habitat characteristics； population characteristic； West Lake群落物种多样性和分布格局一直是群落生态学研究的重点和热点，是认识群落的组织