多发性硬化病课件.pptVIP

It is a disease of demyelination （脱髓鞘） and sclerosis in the  white matter of CNS.  It is an autoimmune disease.  There are numerous areas of demyelination and sclerosis in the CNS. The lesion are discovered scattered throughout the white matter around the brain ventricle, the optic nerves, the spinal cord, the brain stem and the cerebellum(小脑）.  It is remission（缓解）and relapse（复发）again and againIts course is chronic, usually lasting for many years. Incidence and Epidemiology MS has a unequal geographic distribution. In general , the disease increases in frequency with latitude（纬度） in both the northern and southern hemispheres.   Near the equator, MS is virtually nonexistent. Farther from the equator, such as most of northern Europe, northern United States, southern Australia and New Zealand, it reached a prevalence of about 40/100,000 population. In some northerly areas, such as the northern Scotland, prevalence rates exceed 300 /100 000 population.  No formal population studies of MS have been carried out in China, but observations from neurological clinics and hospitals indicate a low incidence. The other area in Asia also have a low incidence of the disease. Whether Asian resistance to MS is genetic or environmental is unclear. ?Etiology and Pathogenesis The cause and pathogenesis of MS are poorly understood. They may be very complicate, but there are three major theories of the pathogenesis.  It assumes direct infection of the CNS by a virus. The theory hasn’t been proved because the virus haven’t been isolated or found successfully from the brains of MS patients.  MS is an autoimmune disease, probably genetically determined. Etiology and Pathogenesis There are some same antigens between the infection virus and the myelin basic protein (髓鞘碱性蛋白）and oligodendrocyte（少突胶质 细胞）. Etiology and Pathogenesis